Juliusz Kossak painted this imaginary image of an Arabian faris or knight galloping over the desert. His work was wholly or in part stimulated by Adam Mickiewicz poem, Faris. and
from this page, little down in the sentence, comes the translation of the famous Mickiewicz poem Farys, the most Oriental piece, based in Bedouin tradition and real Polish Romantic hero known by his Arabic name as Tadż-ul-Fecher http://www.oss.wroc.pl/mickiewicz/eng/faris.html
And here intersting article about real Polish faris and one of the most amazing horsemen ever, hrabia (count), emir and ataman Złota Broda (Golden Beard) Waclaw Rzewuski http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200106/the.polish.quest.for.arabian.horses.htm
Rzewuski's drawings on Arabian horses of the Nejed can be seen here http://www.athelstan-arabians.com/ArabiansHistory/Arabian1.htm and in this French article http://www.pdfdownload.org/pdf2html/view_online.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mnhn.fr%2Fmuseum%2Ffront%2Fmedias%2Fpublication%2F10610_Lizet.pdf
and here http://www.jose-corti.fr/titresromantiques/galerie-orient.html
FARIS
Like a gay skiff that flees the somber shore
And lilts again upon the crystal sea,
Her wet breast stroking with caressing oar,
Its curved prow like a white swan soaring free,
So is the Arab when, from rocky ground,
Headlong upon the desert vast
He hurls his steed, whose hoofs plunge with a hissing sound,
Sinking in sand, like fiery steel in streams of water cast.
Now sails my horse upon the dry sea's crest
And cuts the brittle waves with dolphin breast:
Ever fleeter, fleeter going,
Sand and pebbles backward throwing;
Ever higher, higher lifted,
O'er the dust behind him drifted.
My steed is like a storm cloud, fleet and black;
The star upon his forehead gleams, gleams like the morning star;
To the wind's will he flings his mane, like feathers streaming back;
Back from the rush of his white legs the lightnings hurtle far.
Speed, courser of the silver feet -
Mountains make way! Forests. retreat!
Vainly the palm tree green, outspread,
Waits with fruit and shadowy grace:
I tear myself from her embrace,
She flees away with drooping head,
In the oasis deep is fain to hide;
There, with derisive murmuring of leaves, scoffs at my pride.
Yonder the rocks that guard the desert rim
Gaze at the Bedouin with faces grim;
They mock the falling of my horse's feet,
And long their rumbling threats repeat:
"O madman! Whither does he haste?
No palm tree yonder in the waste
With tresses green will shield his head
From piercing javelins of light,
And no white-bosomed tents be spread.
The only tent is the wide sky,
And crags alone watch, through the night,
The caravan of stars go by."
In vain, in vain they threaten me!
I speed on with redoubled blows.
The haughty crags have I outgazed,
And, where such hostile front they raised,
Now in a long defile they flee,
Nor one behind another shows.
The vulture heard their threat, looked downward from his height.
Thinking to see the Bedouin lie upon the plain beneath!
He followed, smote me with his wings in ever-narrowing flight,
Three times about my head wove his black wreath.
He croaked: ,,The smell of death is near:
O foolish rider, foolish steed!
The rider seeks a path in sand.
And Whitefoot here, a grazing land.
Rider, horse, 'tis vain indeed!
He comes not back who passes here.
Along these paths the wind doth stray
And its own footprints bears away;
No meadow this where stallions feed,
For here do only vipers breed;
And only corpses watch, by night,
The vultures' caravan alight.
Croaking, he defied me, with gleaming talons bared;
Thrice gazing on each other, eye to eye we stared.
Which was first to falter? The vulture fled away!
When to meet his insolence my scimitar I drew,
When I looked behind me to track him in the sky,
In the air he hovered, a floating stain of gray.
No larger than a sparrow - than a butterfly -
A gnat - and then he faded quite into the blue.
Speed, courser of the silver feet -
Ye crags, make way! Vultures, retreat!
Then from the west beneath the sun, a cloud sprang up and flew
On wide white wing, pursuing me across the vaulted blue.
It wished indeed to pass for such a hunter in the sky
As I upon the steppe - as I!
And while it hung above my head
It whistled down the wind, and said:
,,O madman' Whither does he fly?
Thirst will melt his heart away,
Dust will stain his temples gray;
No cloud will follow through that sky
To kiss his brow with cooling rain;
And there no stream with silver sound
Murmur to the sterile plain;
And ere the dew has reached the ground
The ravening wind will snatch it by."
In vain it threatens! On I speed, and with redoubled blows,
While, wearily into the sky withdraws the flagging cloud:
Ever lower, lower bowed,
It rested where the crags arose,
And when I turned, and backward one disdainfui look I cast,
Lo! I had hurled it from me the heavens' width apart!
But plain upon its face I saw what passed within its heart:
It flared with passion's angry red,
With livid envy was o'erspread,
Then blackened like a corpse, and hid among the hills at last.
Speed, courser of the silver feet -
Ye steppes, make way! Ye clouds, refreat!
By space encircled like the sun,
I sweep an orbit with mine eyes;
And now pursuers have I none
Along the earth, within the skies.
All nature lies in slumber here
Where yet man's foot hath made no sound;
The elements, in silence bound,
Sleep like wild beasts unscarred by fear,
Whose flock unfrightened does not flee
When first the face of man they see.
Great God! but not the first am I! On yonder isle of sand
Hosts of gleaming warriors behind their breastwork stand,
Then - they have lost their way? Or travelers lost they seek?
White is the garb of the riders, their steeds are leprous white!
Nearer I ride - they move not; I call - they do not speak.
These dead - an ancient caravan are they,
Whose dusty grave the wind has dug away:
On skeletons of camels sit bones of men, upright;
Through the holes where once were eyes,
Through the jaws with barren lips,
Sand, a ceaseless torrent, slips,
Ominously groaning, cries:
"Whither, madman of the plains?
That way dwell the hurricanes!"
I know not fear - I ride more fleet:
Speed, courser of the silver feet -
Dead men and hurricanes, retreat!
A hurricane, of Barbary's wild myrmidons the first,
The land of flint and gravel pits in solitude traversed.
It saw me from afar; stopped short, in sheer amazement bound;
Then, fuming to itself, it whirled in one spot round and round:
,,Which of my younger brothers, which pety wind," it said,
,,Of dragging flight, of weakling frame, dares my domain to tread?
These lands are my inheritance - what means yon puny storm?"
And like a moving pyramid flung forth its roaring form.
But when it saw that mortal and yet unafraid was I,
It shook the land with furious heel
That all Arabia quaked to feel,
And snatched me, as a griffin bears a bird, into the sky.
It breathed on me its fiery gust,
It smote me with its wings of dust;
It hurled me high, it flung me prone
Upon the earth, mid heaps of stone.
I grappled with the writhing sands,
The massed, prodigious limbs I tore;
The torso huge I rent in four
With raging teeth and naked hands.
Vainly it wrenched itself and reared, a pillar heaven-tall:
My arms it could not loose! but cleft its towering form in twain;
Down, down it fell in sandy rain
And at my feet it lay a corpse, long, like a city wall!
Then I took breath! And proudly to the stars I turned my face,
And all the stars within the skies
Looked on me with their golden eyes,
For there was none excepting me upon the earth's wide space.
How sweet it is to breathe, to breathe my utmost in this place,
Deep and full without a bound!
All the air in Araby
Scarcely doth suffice for me.
How sweet it is to look, to look until the eye can trace -
So far, so wide, so clear it sees --
A vaster world's immensities
Than this horizon circles round.
How sweet it is to stretch mine arms thus, thus! that they embrace
The world in friendship - to my breast
I gather it, from east to west!
Across the blue abyss I send my thought in swiftest flight,
Ever higher, higher lifting, to the heavens' farthest height:
And as the bee sends deep her sting and with it sinks her heart,
So I in heaven have sunk my thought, and feel my soul depart.
Polish Original -
Kasyda na cześć emira Tadż-ul-Fechra* ułożona, Janowi Kozłów na pamiątkę przypisana
Jak łódź wesoła, gdy uciekłszy z ziemi
Znowu po modrym zwija się krysztale,
I pierś morza objąwszy wiosły lubieżnemi
Szyją łabędzią buja ponad fale:
Tak Arab, kiedy rumaka z opoki
Na obszar pustyni strąca,
Gdy kopyta utoną w piaszczyste potoki
Z głuchym szumem, jak w nurtach wody stal gorąca.
Już płynie w suchym morzu koń mój i rozcina
Sypkie bałwany piersiami delfina.
Coraz chyżej. coraz chyżej,
Już po wierzchu żwir zamiata;
Coraz wyżej, coraz wyżej,
Już nad kłąb kurzu wylata.
Czarny mój rumak jak burzliwa chmura,
Gwiazda na czole jego jak jutrzeńka błyska,
Na wolę wiatrów puścił strusiej grzywy pióra,
A nóg białych polotem błyskawice ciska.
Pędź, latawcze białonogi!
Góry z drogi, lasy z drogi!
Daremnie palma zielona
Z cieniem i owocem czeka:
Ja się wydzieram z jej łona;
Palma ze wstydem ucieka,
Kryje się w głębi oazy
I szmerem liści z mojej dumy się uśmiecha.
Ówdzie granic pustyni pilnujące głazy
Dziką na Beduina poglądają twarzą,
Kopyt końskich ostatnie podrzeźniając echa,
Taką za mną groźbą gwarzą:
"O szalony! gdzie on goni,
Tam od ostrych słońca grotów
Głowy jego nie ochroni
Ni palma zielonowłosa,
Ni białe łono namiotów,
Tam jeden namiot - niebiosa.
Tylko skały tam nocują,
Tylko gwiazdy tam koczują".
Daremnie grożą, daremnie!
Pędzę i podwajam razy.
Spojrzałem, aż dumne głazy
Zostały z dala ode mnie,
Uciekają rzędem długim,
Kryją się jeden za drugim.
Sęp usłyszał ich groźbę i ślepo uwierzył,
Że Beduina weźmie na pustyni jeńcem,
I w pogoń za mną skrzydłami uderzył,
Trzykroć czarnym obwinął głowę moję wieńcem.
"Czuję - krakał - zapach trupi,
Jeździec głupi, rumak głupi.
Jeździec w piaskach szuka drogi,
Szuka paszy białonogi.
Jeźdcze, koniu, pusta praca,
Kto tu zaszedł, nie powraca.
Po tych drogach wiatr się błąka
Unosząc z sobą swe ślady;
Nie dla koni jest ta łąka,
Ona tylko pasie gady.
Tylko trupy tu nocują,
Tylko sępy tu koczują". -
Kracząc, lśniącymi szpony w oczy mi urągał,
I spójrzeliśmy sobie trzykroć oko w oko.
Któż się uląkł? - Sęp uląkł i uciekł wysoko.
Kiedym go chciał ukarać i majdan naciągał,
I gdym sępa oczyma poza sobą tropił,
Już on wisiał w powietrzu, jako plamka szara,
Wielkości wróbla - motyla - komara -
Potem się całkiem w błękicie roztopił.
Pędź, latawcze białonogi!
Skały z drogi, sępy z drogi!
Wtenczas obłok zachodni wyrwał się spod słońca,
Gonił mię białym skrzydłem po błękitnym sklepie;
On w niebie za takiego chciał uchodzić gońca,
Jakim ja byłem na stepie.
Nad głową moją zawisnął,
Taką groźbę za mną świsnął:
"O szalony! gdzie on goni,
Tam pragnienie piersi stopi,
Obłok deszczem nie odkropi
Osypanej kurzem skroni;
Strumień na błoniu jałowem
Nie ozwie się srebrnym słowem;
Rosa nim na ziemię spadnie,
Wiatr ją głodny w lot rozkradnie".
Daremnie grozi! Pędzę i podwajam razy;
Obłok strudzony zaczął po niebie się słaniać,
Coraz niżej głowę skłaniać;
Potem oparł się na głazy.
A gdym oczy raz jeszcze ze wzgardą obrócił,
Jużem o całe niebo w tyle go porzucił.
Widziałem z twarzy, co on w sercu knował:
Zaczerwienił się od złości,
Oblał się żółcią zazdrości,
Na koniec jak trup sczemiał i w górach się schował.
Pędź, latawcze białonogi,
Sępy z drogi, chmury z drogi!
Teraz oczy kręgiem słońca
Okręciłem koło siebie;
I na ziemi, i na niebie
Już nie było za mną gońca.
Tu natura snem ujęta
Nigdy ludzkich stóp nie słyszy;
Tu żywioły drzemią w ciszy,
Jak niepłoszone zwierzęta,
Których stado nie ucieka
Widząc pierwszą twarz człowieka. -
Przebóg! ja tu nie pierwszy! śród piaszczystej kępy
Oszańcowane świecą się zastępy.
Czy błądzą, czy z zasadzki czatują na łupy?
Jeźdce w bieli i konie straszliwej białości!
Przybiegam - stoją; wołam - milczą; to są trupy!
Starożytna karawana,
Wiatrem z piasku wygrzebana!
Na skieletach wielblądów siedzą jezdców kości.
Przez jamy, gdzie były oczy,
Przez odarte z ciała szczęki
Piasek strumieniem się toczy
I złowrogie szemrze jęki:
"Beduinie opętany!
Gdzie lecisz? tam huragany!"
Ja pędzę, ja nie znam trwogi.
Pędź, latawcze białonogi!
Trupy, huragany z drogi!
Huragan, z afrykańskich pierwszy wichrzycieli,
Przechadzał się samotny po żwiru topieli.
Obaczył mię z daleka, wstrzymał się i zdumiał,
I kręcąc się na miejscu tak do siebie szumiał:
"Co tam za jeden z wichrów, moich młodszych braci,
Tak poziomego lotu, nikczemnej postaci,
Śmie deptać lądy, którem w dziedzictwie osiągnął?"
Ryknął i ku mnie w kształcie piramidy ciągnął.
Widząc, żem był śmiertelny i nieustraszony,
Ze złości ląd nogą trącił,
Całą Arabiją zmąciłI jak gryf ptaka porwał mię w swe szpony.
Oddechem ognistym palił,
Skrzydłami kurzawy walił,
Ciskał w górę, bił o ziemię,
Nasypywał żwiru brzemię,
Ja zrywam się, walczę śmiało,
Targam jego członków kłęby,
Ćwiertuję piaszczyste ciało,
Gryzę go wściekłymi zęby. -
Huragan chciał z mych ramion w niebo uciec słupem:
Nie wydarł się; w pół ciała zerwał się i runął,
Deszczem piasku z góry lunął
I legł u nóg mych długim jak wał miejski trupem.
Odetchnąłem! ku gwiazdom spoglądałem dumnie;
I wszystkie gwiazdy oczyma złotemi,
Wszystkie poglądały ku mnie:
Bo oprócz mnie nie było nikogo na ziemi.
Jak tu mile oddychać piersiami całemi!
Oddycham pełno! szeroko!
Całe powietrze w Arabistanie
Ledwie mi na oddech stanie.
Jak tu mile poglądać oczyma całemi!
Wytężyło się me oko
Tak daleko! tak szeroko!
Że więcej świata zasięga,
Niż jest w kole widnokręga.
Jak miło się wyciągnąć ramiony całemi!
Wyciągnąłem ku światu ramiona uprzejme,
Zda się, że go ze wschodu na zachód obejmę.
Myśl moja ostrzem leci w otchłanie błękitu,
Wyżej, wyżej i wyżej, aż do niebios szczytu.
Jak pszczoła topiąc żądło i serce z nim grzebie,
Tak ja za myślą duszę utopiłem w niebie!
Polska wikipedia http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wac%C5%82aw_Seweryn_Rzewuski
Equestrian Polish, Eurasian and the Americas history and horsemanship - from Bronze Age to circa1939AD. Historical equestrian art, my own artwork; reconstructions, and some traditional art media and digital artwork-related topics. All rights reserved unless permitted by 'Dariusz caballeros' aka DarioTW, copyleft or fair use.
Saturday, March 20, 2010
Sunday, March 14, 2010
Ceiling Painting from the Kielce Castle I
Salve,
Introduction
One of the most interesting paintings of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth concerning horses and riders comes from the Kielce Castle http://www.mnki.pl/pl/s,27,Dawny_Palac_Biskupow_Krakowskich.html . This castle was built for the Cracow bishop Jakub Zadzik, by his Italian architects and builders Poncino and Trevano, between 1637-1644 AD. Inside, our good bishop had many tapestries and paintings hung, while the ceilings were decorated with historical scenes of his times, concerned obviously with Polish history he was participant of. The ceiling paintings, and most likely many other paintings found in the castle at the time of its glory, had been painted by the Cracow workshop of Venetian emgirant, Tomasz Dolabella. Tomasz (Tommaso) Dolabella http://www.pinakoteka.zascianek.pl/Dolabella/Index.htm http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tommaso_Dolabella?uselang=pl was at first a royal painter for our Sigismond III Vasa but the he fell out of royal favors and stayed working in the royal city of Cracow, working for the Roman Catholic Church and eventually for the king Wladyslaw IV. Most of his surviving works are religious in nature but some show the most remarkable knowledge of Poland's life, fashions, historical events and military equipment. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Dolabella_Horseman.JPG
One of the lost paintings showing historical events is the coronation of Maryna Mniszech as Tzarina of Muscovy, know only in black and white photograph. And this painting hopefully will be subject of more posts, but for now enjoy it as it is:
Tomasz Dolabella being Venetian of the Veronese, Tintoretto, Bassano etc traditions was a master of color, but his non-religious subjects and the full extend of colors and splendors can be seen in the surviving Kielce Castle ceiling paintings. Since this blog is all about the horses and horse tack, then especially the one painting concerned with the victorious Smolensk war of our king Wladyslaw IV http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_IV_Vasa is particularly suitable to show his workshop mastery of art.
The set of photographs showing the Smoleńsk painting along with another painting depicting the negotatiations between Sweden and Poland, come from this Mateuszmar collection on Picassa http://picasaweb.google.pl/MateuszMarmajStawowy/PaAcBiskupiWKilecach# however the actual photographer and owner of the said photos is Krzysztof Małys.
***
My favorite fragments are these two photos, subject to further analysis here, I hope :
Photos by Krzysztof Małys
Introduction
One of the most interesting paintings of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth concerning horses and riders comes from the Kielce Castle http://www.mnki.pl/pl/s,27,Dawny_Palac_Biskupow_Krakowskich.html . This castle was built for the Cracow bishop Jakub Zadzik, by his Italian architects and builders Poncino and Trevano, between 1637-1644 AD. Inside, our good bishop had many tapestries and paintings hung, while the ceilings were decorated with historical scenes of his times, concerned obviously with Polish history he was participant of. The ceiling paintings, and most likely many other paintings found in the castle at the time of its glory, had been painted by the Cracow workshop of Venetian emgirant, Tomasz Dolabella. Tomasz (Tommaso) Dolabella http://www.pinakoteka.zascianek.pl/Dolabella/Index.htm http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tommaso_Dolabella?uselang=pl was at first a royal painter for our Sigismond III Vasa but the he fell out of royal favors and stayed working in the royal city of Cracow, working for the Roman Catholic Church and eventually for the king Wladyslaw IV. Most of his surviving works are religious in nature but some show the most remarkable knowledge of Poland's life, fashions, historical events and military equipment. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Dolabella_Horseman.JPG
One of the lost paintings showing historical events is the coronation of Maryna Mniszech as Tzarina of Muscovy, know only in black and white photograph. And this painting hopefully will be subject of more posts, but for now enjoy it as it is:
Tomasz Dolabella being Venetian of the Veronese, Tintoretto, Bassano etc traditions was a master of color, but his non-religious subjects and the full extend of colors and splendors can be seen in the surviving Kielce Castle ceiling paintings. Since this blog is all about the horses and horse tack, then especially the one painting concerned with the victorious Smolensk war of our king Wladyslaw IV http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_IV_Vasa is particularly suitable to show his workshop mastery of art.
The set of photographs showing the Smoleńsk painting along with another painting depicting the negotatiations between Sweden and Poland, come from this Mateuszmar collection on Picassa http://picasaweb.google.pl/MateuszMarmajStawowy/PaAcBiskupiWKilecach# however the actual photographer and owner of the said photos is Krzysztof Małys.
***
My favorite fragments are these two photos, subject to further analysis here, I hope :
Monday, March 1, 2010
Husaria continued
Salve,
Spring may be in the air, as the skies are beautiful today and sun is shinning strong, but there is still plenty of snow on the ground. City Dept' of Transportation trucks are not cleaning the streets but I still have to move my car due to the street cleaning regulations. Lack of common sense sooo apparent, the XVII century Poles used to say that Poland was not the government (i.e. the king) but her people. They did love their liberty, but to be fair these believes and actions taken led the Polish-Lithuanian state to a doom in 1795 and was followed by more than a century of eradication from the maps of the world, sanctioned by all European powers and subsequent Polish state absence in world's affairs (the honorable exception being the Ottoman Turkey that never recognized the partitions of Poland )
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland
Anyway, I played with my Gimp program a bit this morning, and this is the result - a hussar towarzysz executing a stop or I hope that he looks like he may be doing such essential horsemanship maneuver.
Spring may be in the air, as the skies are beautiful today and sun is shinning strong, but there is still plenty of snow on the ground. City Dept' of Transportation trucks are not cleaning the streets but I still have to move my car due to the street cleaning regulations. Lack of common sense sooo apparent, the XVII century Poles used to say that Poland was not the government (i.e. the king) but her people. They did love their liberty, but to be fair these believes and actions taken led the Polish-Lithuanian state to a doom in 1795 and was followed by more than a century of eradication from the maps of the world, sanctioned by all European powers and subsequent Polish state absence in world's affairs (the honorable exception being the Ottoman Turkey that never recognized the partitions of Poland )
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland
Anyway, I played with my Gimp program a bit this morning, and this is the result - a hussar towarzysz executing a stop or I hope that he looks like he may be doing such essential horsemanship maneuver.
Sunday, February 28, 2010
Snowy Polish New York City :)
Hello again,
we have had lots of snow lately, in New York City, so this entry will not be about horses but New York 'thingies.' I cannot remember, and I have been here since president George Bush sr., any other February this 'snowy' as this past month. I must say I am longing for snow-free weather for I am going to start riding horses again this coming Spring, Hallelujah!
We live by the McGorlick Park in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, that is still a very Polish New York City neighbourhood (cannot resist writing this word in a 'British fashion', it is so noble - :) ) with many Polish stores, restaurants and Polish peoples on every corner, lately mixing with lots of yuppies and real working, gallery-showing notorious artists like messer Bert http://www.eastcoastalien.com/ .
Anyway, ad rem or returning to white snow, never mentioned before my friend and fellow 'bon vivant' Valdemar Kozik, besides being the absolute master in the ancient Polish arts of meat curing and smoking (he has a book on this subject under his belt) also takes some serious photos and I asked him to sent me his photos of our McGorlick Park sufficiently covered with snow to even look romantic, at least in my nearsighted eyes, for romance is a great part of my life, or has been or should be, quien sabe. Well, I am going to publish these photos here, hope to everyone's enjoyment.
Also, let me introduce our Irish Jack Russell aplty named Haps by my 'synek' (sonny) Jasio...a great artist in his own right and hopefully future ZOO director, I am going to leave my wife out of this for who knows where she will be in our future, the USAF Moon station perhaps - :)
by the way this structure in the above photo - that is a monument to the fallen American heroes of the World War I, and right behind it there is a monument to the famous submarine crew of the Civil War - the Monitor.
My sonny's dog Haps in his environment, Brooklyn ubiquitous rats beware :
we have had lots of snow lately, in New York City, so this entry will not be about horses but New York 'thingies.' I cannot remember, and I have been here since president George Bush sr., any other February this 'snowy' as this past month. I must say I am longing for snow-free weather for I am going to start riding horses again this coming Spring, Hallelujah!
We live by the McGorlick Park in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, that is still a very Polish New York City neighbourhood (cannot resist writing this word in a 'British fashion', it is so noble - :) ) with many Polish stores, restaurants and Polish peoples on every corner, lately mixing with lots of yuppies and real working, gallery-showing notorious artists like messer Bert http://www.eastcoastalien.com/ .
Anyway, ad rem or returning to white snow, never mentioned before my friend and fellow 'bon vivant' Valdemar Kozik, besides being the absolute master in the ancient Polish arts of meat curing and smoking (he has a book on this subject under his belt) also takes some serious photos and I asked him to sent me his photos of our McGorlick Park sufficiently covered with snow to even look romantic, at least in my nearsighted eyes, for romance is a great part of my life, or has been or should be, quien sabe. Well, I am going to publish these photos here, hope to everyone's enjoyment.
Also, let me introduce our Irish Jack Russell aplty named Haps by my 'synek' (sonny) Jasio...a great artist in his own right and hopefully future ZOO director, I am going to leave my wife out of this for who knows where she will be in our future, the USAF Moon station perhaps - :)
by the way this structure in the above photo - that is a monument to the fallen American heroes of the World War I, and right behind it there is a monument to the famous submarine crew of the Civil War - the Monitor.
My sonny's dog Haps in his environment, Brooklyn ubiquitous rats beware :
Husaria in poetry continued
Salve,
I am turning again to our best friend from the XVII (17th) century, imci Waclaw Potocki, a bit ribald and always a satirical poet-nobleman.
This time our gentle master tells a story how a Frenchman, one of many that had come to Poland during the reign of Jan (John) III Sobieski ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_III_Sobieski ) seeking protection and riches from the Queen Marysienka (Marie) Sobieska, challenged to a sword duel one of our winged hussars (presumably a nobleman- towarzysz, and not a retainer).
Hussar took a pallasch (in the second half of the 17th century most likely it was a sabre) and the Frenchman chose a 'sztokada' (long fencing sword), and our hussar told him to change it for a rapier or a small sword [to even the odds]]; the Frenchman responded that no Pole would influence the fashion the French fight, but to which our hussar replied immediately to his retainer that no Frenchman would tell him what to fight with and took his primary weapon, i.e., the lance. Having aimed his lance from about a distance of a pistol shot hussar charged aiming at his breast and this sight so frightened the Frenchman that with a wooden fence nearby he ingloriously run jumping over a fence and hiding behind it. And from behind the fence he called:' you are very long, Mr Pole.' Our hussar replied without hesitation: 'you were long to my short[sword], but once I got longer to your short, then even a dog could not have jumped over the fence so fast...'
Several interesting aspect of our hussar martial arts can be observed here, namely, that they aimed their lances about a pistol shot from their target, that they aimed their lances' points at the foe's chest, and that still in the second half of the XVII cetnury the lance was longer and deadlier than a longest sword, as long as one knew how to use this dangerous and deadly weapon.
Original poem here, in Potocki, Ogrod Fraszek, page 410 http://books.google.com/books?id=zY1GAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&client=firefox-a&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=&f=false
510. Pojedynek (N)
Wyzwal Francuz husarza gdy do pojedynku,
Rozumiejac, ze sie z nim rozpraawi w pocinku
Bierze palasz, az widzac owego z sztokada,
Sle, niechaj sie rapierem albo bije szpada,
Nie ma Polak Francuzom przypisywac mody
Odpowie, ten tez nazad idac do gospody,
Ani Francuz Polakom, rzecze do pacholka,
I co predzej kopija pochwyciwszy z kolka,
Biezy, patrzy nan Francuz i dostawa metu,
Az kiedy na strzelanie jakby z pistoletu,
Zlozy drzewo i prosto do piersi mu z grotem,
Blisko byl plot, przeskoczy Francuz i za plotem:
Barzo dlugi, pan Polak. A ten bez ogrodki:
I tys tez dopiero mial dlugi na moj krotki;
Az skorom ja dluzszego dostal na twoj krotki,
Nie przeskoczylby plotu chyzej i pies drugi.
ps a little sketch in progress of second half of the XVII century winged hussar towarzysz
I am turning again to our best friend from the XVII (17th) century, imci Waclaw Potocki, a bit ribald and always a satirical poet-nobleman.
This time our gentle master tells a story how a Frenchman, one of many that had come to Poland during the reign of Jan (John) III Sobieski ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_III_Sobieski ) seeking protection and riches from the Queen Marysienka (Marie) Sobieska, challenged to a sword duel one of our winged hussars (presumably a nobleman- towarzysz, and not a retainer).
Hussar took a pallasch (in the second half of the 17th century most likely it was a sabre) and the Frenchman chose a 'sztokada' (long fencing sword), and our hussar told him to change it for a rapier or a small sword [to even the odds]]; the Frenchman responded that no Pole would influence the fashion the French fight, but to which our hussar replied immediately to his retainer that no Frenchman would tell him what to fight with and took his primary weapon, i.e., the lance. Having aimed his lance from about a distance of a pistol shot hussar charged aiming at his breast and this sight so frightened the Frenchman that with a wooden fence nearby he ingloriously run jumping over a fence and hiding behind it. And from behind the fence he called:' you are very long, Mr Pole.' Our hussar replied without hesitation: 'you were long to my short[sword], but once I got longer to your short, then even a dog could not have jumped over the fence so fast...'
Several interesting aspect of our hussar martial arts can be observed here, namely, that they aimed their lances about a pistol shot from their target, that they aimed their lances' points at the foe's chest, and that still in the second half of the XVII cetnury the lance was longer and deadlier than a longest sword, as long as one knew how to use this dangerous and deadly weapon.
Original poem here, in Potocki, Ogrod Fraszek, page 410 http://books.google.com/books?id=zY1GAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&client=firefox-a&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=&f=false
510. Pojedynek (N)
Wyzwal Francuz husarza gdy do pojedynku,
Rozumiejac, ze sie z nim rozpraawi w pocinku
Bierze palasz, az widzac owego z sztokada,
Sle, niechaj sie rapierem albo bije szpada,
Nie ma Polak Francuzom przypisywac mody
Odpowie, ten tez nazad idac do gospody,
Ani Francuz Polakom, rzecze do pacholka,
I co predzej kopija pochwyciwszy z kolka,
Biezy, patrzy nan Francuz i dostawa metu,
Az kiedy na strzelanie jakby z pistoletu,
Zlozy drzewo i prosto do piersi mu z grotem,
Blisko byl plot, przeskoczy Francuz i za plotem:
Barzo dlugi, pan Polak. A ten bez ogrodki:
I tys tez dopiero mial dlugi na moj krotki;
Az skorom ja dluzszego dostal na twoj krotki,
Nie przeskoczylby plotu chyzej i pies drugi.
ps a little sketch in progress of second half of the XVII century winged hussar towarzysz
Thursday, February 25, 2010
Horses in the Polish Renaissance and Baroque Poetry I
Salve,
I hope to start this thread on the horses in Polish pre-1795 poetry. Our ancestors loved horses and showered their wealth and affection on their splendid animals. Turkish, Tatar, Arab, Hungarian, Moldavian and Spanish horses were praised and coveted, while our winged hussars rode some of the most beautiful and expensive stallions and geldings in the country.
Let us start with this poem by Polish XVII (17th) century poet Jan Andrzej Morsztyn http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Andrzej_Morsztyn , some of his poetry in English http://staropolska.pl/ang/baroque/JA_Morsztyn/index.html
The title could be translated "On the Spanish Mare" and this is not a mere description of a horse, but a full of mythological allegory poem on best qualities of Polish-born Spanish horse. Hope to translate it into English.. !ojala!
I hope to start this thread on the horses in Polish pre-1795 poetry. Our ancestors loved horses and showered their wealth and affection on their splendid animals. Turkish, Tatar, Arab, Hungarian, Moldavian and Spanish horses were praised and coveted, while our winged hussars rode some of the most beautiful and expensive stallions and geldings in the country.
Let us start with this poem by Polish XVII (17th) century poet Jan Andrzej Morsztyn http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Andrzej_Morsztyn , some of his poetry in English http://staropolska.pl/ang/baroque/JA_Morsztyn/index.html
The title could be translated "On the Spanish Mare" and this is not a mere description of a horse, but a full of mythological allegory poem on best qualities of Polish-born Spanish horse. Hope to translate it into English.. !ojala!
NA KLACZ HISZPAŃSKĄ
Nie mają takiej andaluskie stada,
Byłaby takiej Asturyja rada,
Nie pasie takiej napolska murawa,
Jaka się klaczą przechwala Warszawa.
Hiszpańska-ć wprawdzie chodem i nazwiskiem,
Ale się w kraju rodziła nam bliskiem
I słusznie Polska będzie tym chełpliwa,
Że jej córką jest klacz tak urodziwa.
Znaczne w niej kształtu wizerunki wszelkie:
Głowa niewielka i uszy niewielkie,
Oczy wypukłe, wesołe pojrzenie,
I kłus wspaniały, i żywe chodzenie,
Pierś - ach, pierś! - piękna i zupełna w mierze,
Zad jak ulany i gibkie pacierze,
Tusz do popręgu i kark niezbyt chudy,
Nóżka subtelna, podkasałe udy,
A kosa jasna i obfita grzywa
Blaski złotego przenosi przędziwa.
O, jak to piękna, kiedy wzniósszy głowę
I złotą grzywy puściwszy osnowę,
Buja i między zazdrosnymi stady
Swych rówienniczek zawstydza gromady!
Godna zaiste ciągnąć i wóz słońca,
I stać w królewskiej stajni nie od końca;
Godna, żeby jej sam wystrzygał uszy
I róg wybierał koronny koniuszy.
Teraz niech Neptun kształt na się przybierze
Gładkiego konia, jak gwoli Cererze;
Teraz niech Jowisz, zalotów niesyty,
Końskimi stan swój okryje kopyty,
A więcej wskóra, niż gdy boskie stopy
Bawolim rogiem okrył dla Europy.
A gdy ją będą w bieg różnie ćwiczony
Koniuszy z Litwy i drugi z Korony
Kawałkowali - o, jakie korbety,
Jakie pasady, jakie wężokręty,
Jakie odmiany ręki będą w kole,
Jakie pod rzutnym grzbietem kapryjole!
Bujaj, o cudna klaczo, bujaj sobie,
Rozmnażaj stado, które tak po tobie
Pokupne będzie, że o twe źrebięta
Z sobą się będą rozpierać książęta!
Szczęsny masztalerz, który cię fartuje,
Co cię nakrywa i co cię dekuje;
Szczęśliwe łąki. co pasą klacz gładką;
Szczęśliwszy stadnik, co cię sprawi matką,
A pewnie Pegaz stąd między planety
Przeniesie z tobą spłodzone dzianety.
Monday, February 22, 2010
Friday, February 12, 2010
Horse sketches I
Salve,
some horse sketches, a fruit of playing with a pencil, ball pen on paper and then with digital brush (GIMP, MyPaint)
some horse sketches, a fruit of playing with a pencil, ball pen on paper and then with digital brush (GIMP, MyPaint)
Labels:
Gimp,
horse anatomy,
Mypaint,
sketches
Thursday, February 11, 2010
Rychcia i wielki skok or trotting and galloping in Old Polish I
Salve,
we have one beautiful, sunny day in the great republic of Brooklyn today, in spite of some snow and ice, while I did some cross country skiing in the deserted streets last night.
The image show today has to do with the winged hussars - this is a drawing showing last stage of the hussars charge - with lances firmy pointed at the incoming target, well poised to kid and trample, for the glory of their King and their God. I am going to add more images, showing the whole charge in stages, from walk, to trot to gallop to a full gallop.
In Polish XVI-XVII (16-17th) century horse vocabulary there are words that no longer can be understood in the modern Polish language. They were either replaced. lost meaning or fell out of use due to more modern hippology. Two of these words are subject of my little study today - but when I wrote this short study I did it for a Polish language history forum. Therefore today I will 'publish' the Polish version and soon I will present its English translation, I hope.
the Polish version below:
jesli chodzi o zrodla polskie z okresu istnienia husarii to konskie biegi/chody sa opisane w pracach Dorohostajskiego (Hippika, zaczyna sie na stronie 92 w wydaniu z XIX wieku na google books) Pieniazka (Hippika, bedzie o tym ponizej) oraz w dziele nieznanego autora (Gospodarstwo Jezdeckie, Strzelcze, et al) - dziela wydawane w XVII wieku, i to parokrotnie. Wszystkie prace sa dostepne na necie - w bibliotece digitalowej oraz na google books.
Chody konskie - pozwole sobie zamiescic moje male studium etymologii rychcia, rzesci etc - a swego czasu byla duza dyskusja na historycy.org w tym temacie http://www.historycy.org/index.php?showtop...mp;#entry556736 na stronie 72 i dalej, ale tam znalesc cos to jak szukanie igly w stogu siana.
male studium slowa Rysc albo rzescia [sic!]
- moze odpowiedz jest co to jest znajduje sie w jezykach slowianskich, jako ze duza czesc naszej terminologii konskiej pochodzi z jezyka 'starego' ruskiego - zreszta Linde w swoim slowniku jezyka polskiego pisze RYSC-i lub RZESCIA,-i a po rosyjsku to рысца -
a na necie (google books, wikipedia etc) pisza ze рысца to мелкий бег lub Способ бега лошади (или другого животного), при котором одновременно выносятся вперед ноги передняя левая и задняя правая или передняя правая и задняя левая... czyli nic wiecej ani mniej niz jak 'klus' a dzisiejsze slowniki agielsko-rosyjskie tlumacza to jako jog-trot czyli trucht (Karlowicz uzywa tego slowa w slowniku z 1901 toku, inne slowa ale gwarowe to 'gręda') ... zreszta od tego chyba pochodza 'rysaki' czyli klusaki.
ale to nie koniec
Рысца — рысца. Лошадь бгьжитъ рысцею (рысцoю) (в. ДОЛОПЧЕВЪ.ОПЫТЪ СЛОВПРЯ НЕПРАВИЛЬНОСТЕЙ..., 1909)
ale tutaj A. Aleksandrov, Polnîi russko-angliiskii slovar z 1885 рысца, s. f. dim. gentle trot, jog trot, hand-gallop [sic! To moje podkreslenie]; see Рысь.
РЫСЬ, s. f. trot, trotting (of hontt¡: мелкая —, dog-trot; к/>;/иная —, full trot; пустить лошадь рысьи, to make the horse trot; \,:ool. lynx, lusern; ||«ir. Lynx (constellation).
A z 1818 (tom II) A new dictionary English and Russian - Trot, e. ( the jolting high pace of a
horse ) рысь , хода лошадиная.
A hard (rot , тяжелая хода.
A gentle trot , легкая хода.
Słownik polskiego i rossyjskiego języka Potockiego z 1877 podaje ze 665 'wpolklus' – to полурысь, Рысца a klus to ступь, поступь, грунь a klusowac (str 239) to бъжать рысью
Differenciálny slovensko-ruský slovník (wydanie 1900 str 80 ) К1us, р. -u, рысца.
К1usаt, -аm, бъжать рысцой.
...czescy filolodzy z XIX wieku (Grauber & Kral, Listy filologické, 1880, str 161)
Р*сть (t. j. ryst) curriculum, pol. rysc, f. gen. -à с i gradus tolntilis klus, y, jak se zdá, pusobením mrns. na misté /, takó rzescia na misté *rzyácia id. Koren рнст, rist; srodná 'na: lit. rist-as adj. celer, velox, ristas zirgelis equus cursor (Geitl. 107 a), riszczà, take risczà psáno, adv. grada tolutili, tolutim „im Trab", riszczà jóti im Trab weiten, vlastnij jest to instr. sg. stat. jména riszczà klus, na eilte risztja, ristja, risztininkas „ein Traber", equus <No tolntim incedit, risczoti galoppieren (Geitl. 107 a) na miste *ristjoti, koren rist (riszt).
...i jezyk litewski (ktory najwiecej praindoeuropejskicjh zachowal elementow) z Wörterbuch der littauischen Sprache (strona 355) rißezia, Adv. rifezia, im Trabe; rißtelejoti, dem. im kleinen Trabe reiten. (poln. rysc, rzescia, Trab)
Slowo zdaje sie wiec byc starodawne.
U Linde w 'Slowniku Jezyka Polskiego' - definicja (strona 158) jest z 1812 - raczej nie moglo sie nic zmienic w znaczeniu wyrazenia od XVIII wieku, zwlaszcza ze Warszawe okupowali przed Francuzami ostatnio Prusacy (1795- 1806) etc, i XVIIIwieczne wplywy rosyjskie na slownik hipologiczny mogly byc raczej znikome w tym kontekscie , a 'studium lingwistyczne' czeskie dowodzi niezbicie ze wyraz oznacza to samo -klus - w wszystkich jezykach slowianskich plus w litewskim etc. Zreszta sam Linde pisze ze trocht [sic!] to tez gręda.
Finalowo, a propos 'zadzierżywać" (od zadzierżać) u Dorohostajskiego to znalazlem niemickie tluamczenie tego jako 'erhalten' co daje chyba racjonalne tluamczenie - 'utrzymywac' lub 'przytrzymywac' - (choc samego slowa niemieckiego erhalten znaczen jest wiecej to chyba nie da sie przetlumaczyc na jezyk polski tego slowa jako 'zatrzymywac') ('Gramatyka Polska' doktora Israela Rabinowicza z 1877)
Pieniazek (np Wsiadszy tedy na nim jechać w pole i wielkim kłósem, rychcią... to jest puściwszy go na wielki kłus, Pieniążek, Hippika (1607) ) i Gospodarstwo uzywaja odmiennie ryścią/rychcia/wieki klós (Klus) , czwal, i wielki skok/skok (Pieniazkowy traktat oraz Gospodarstwo jezdeckie.. byly opracowane pod katem husarii/jazdy polskiej przez rtm Piotrowskiego w latach 1930tych)
Galop ktory przyszedl z Europy zachodniej w XVIII wieku mozna znalesc w literaturze np 'Pościć się galopem,' Niemcewicz, Powrót posła.
Jesli chodzi o konie, chody w jezyku XVIIwiecznym to poezje Waclawa Potockiego sa doskonalym zrodlem - Ogrod fraszek, Wojna Chocimska, rowniez Wespazjan Kochowski.
this version was posted at this Polish forum - http://forum.historia.org.pl/index.php?showtopic=956&pid=151720&st=195&#entry151720
we have one beautiful, sunny day in the great republic of Brooklyn today, in spite of some snow and ice, while I did some cross country skiing in the deserted streets last night.
The image show today has to do with the winged hussars - this is a drawing showing last stage of the hussars charge - with lances firmy pointed at the incoming target, well poised to kid and trample, for the glory of their King and their God. I am going to add more images, showing the whole charge in stages, from walk, to trot to gallop to a full gallop.
In Polish XVI-XVII (16-17th) century horse vocabulary there are words that no longer can be understood in the modern Polish language. They were either replaced. lost meaning or fell out of use due to more modern hippology. Two of these words are subject of my little study today - but when I wrote this short study I did it for a Polish language history forum. Therefore today I will 'publish' the Polish version and soon I will present its English translation, I hope.
the Polish version below:
jesli chodzi o zrodla polskie z okresu istnienia husarii to konskie biegi/chody sa opisane w pracach Dorohostajskiego (Hippika, zaczyna sie na stronie 92 w wydaniu z XIX wieku na google books) Pieniazka (Hippika, bedzie o tym ponizej) oraz w dziele nieznanego autora (Gospodarstwo Jezdeckie, Strzelcze, et al) - dziela wydawane w XVII wieku, i to parokrotnie. Wszystkie prace sa dostepne na necie - w bibliotece digitalowej oraz na google books.
Chody konskie - pozwole sobie zamiescic moje male studium etymologii rychcia, rzesci etc - a swego czasu byla duza dyskusja na historycy.org w tym temacie http://www.historycy.org/index.php?showtop...mp;#entry556736 na stronie 72 i dalej, ale tam znalesc cos to jak szukanie igly w stogu siana.
male studium slowa Rysc albo rzescia [sic!]
- moze odpowiedz jest co to jest znajduje sie w jezykach slowianskich, jako ze duza czesc naszej terminologii konskiej pochodzi z jezyka 'starego' ruskiego - zreszta Linde w swoim slowniku jezyka polskiego pisze RYSC-i lub RZESCIA,-i a po rosyjsku to рысца -
a na necie (google books, wikipedia etc) pisza ze рысца to мелкий бег lub Способ бега лошади (или другого животного), при котором одновременно выносятся вперед ноги передняя левая и задняя правая или передняя правая и задняя левая... czyli nic wiecej ani mniej niz jak 'klus' a dzisiejsze slowniki agielsko-rosyjskie tlumacza to jako jog-trot czyli trucht (Karlowicz uzywa tego slowa w slowniku z 1901 toku, inne slowa ale gwarowe to 'gręda') ... zreszta od tego chyba pochodza 'rysaki' czyli klusaki.
ale to nie koniec
Рысца — рысца. Лошадь бгьжитъ рысцею (рысцoю) (в. ДОЛОПЧЕВЪ.ОПЫТЪ СЛОВПРЯ НЕПРАВИЛЬНОСТЕЙ..., 1909)
ale tutaj A. Aleksandrov, Polnîi russko-angliiskii slovar z 1885 рысца, s. f. dim. gentle trot, jog trot, hand-gallop [sic! To moje podkreslenie]; see Рысь.
РЫСЬ, s. f. trot, trotting (of hontt¡: мелкая —, dog-trot; к/>;/иная —, full trot; пустить лошадь рысьи, to make the horse trot; \,:ool. lynx, lusern; ||«ir. Lynx (constellation).
A z 1818 (tom II) A new dictionary English and Russian - Trot, e. ( the jolting high pace of a
horse ) рысь , хода лошадиная.
A hard (rot , тяжелая хода.
A gentle trot , легкая хода.
Słownik polskiego i rossyjskiego języka Potockiego z 1877 podaje ze 665 'wpolklus' – to полурысь, Рысца a klus to ступь, поступь, грунь a klusowac (str 239) to бъжать рысью
Differenciálny slovensko-ruský slovník (wydanie 1900 str 80 ) К1us, р. -u, рысца.
К1usаt, -аm, бъжать рысцой.
...czescy filolodzy z XIX wieku (Grauber & Kral, Listy filologické, 1880, str 161)
Р*сть (t. j. ryst) curriculum, pol. rysc, f. gen. -à с i gradus tolntilis klus, y, jak se zdá, pusobením mrns. na misté /, takó rzescia na misté *rzyácia id. Koren рнст, rist; srodná 'na: lit. rist-as adj. celer, velox, ristas zirgelis equus cursor (Geitl. 107 a), riszczà, take risczà psáno, adv. grada tolutili, tolutim „im Trab", riszczà jóti im Trab weiten, vlastnij jest to instr. sg. stat. jména riszczà klus, na eilte risztja, ristja, risztininkas „ein Traber", equus <No tolntim incedit, risczoti galoppieren (Geitl. 107 a) na miste *ristjoti, koren rist (riszt).
...i jezyk litewski (ktory najwiecej praindoeuropejskicjh zachowal elementow) z Wörterbuch der littauischen Sprache (strona 355) rißezia, Adv. rifezia, im Trabe; rißtelejoti, dem. im kleinen Trabe reiten. (poln. rysc, rzescia, Trab)
Slowo zdaje sie wiec byc starodawne.
U Linde w 'Slowniku Jezyka Polskiego' - definicja (strona 158) jest z 1812 - raczej nie moglo sie nic zmienic w znaczeniu wyrazenia od XVIII wieku, zwlaszcza ze Warszawe okupowali przed Francuzami ostatnio Prusacy (1795- 1806) etc, i XVIIIwieczne wplywy rosyjskie na slownik hipologiczny mogly byc raczej znikome w tym kontekscie , a 'studium lingwistyczne' czeskie dowodzi niezbicie ze wyraz oznacza to samo -klus - w wszystkich jezykach slowianskich plus w litewskim etc. Zreszta sam Linde pisze ze trocht [sic!] to tez gręda.
Finalowo, a propos 'zadzierżywać" (od zadzierżać) u Dorohostajskiego to znalazlem niemickie tluamczenie tego jako 'erhalten' co daje chyba racjonalne tluamczenie - 'utrzymywac' lub 'przytrzymywac' - (choc samego slowa niemieckiego erhalten znaczen jest wiecej to chyba nie da sie przetlumaczyc na jezyk polski tego slowa jako 'zatrzymywac') ('Gramatyka Polska' doktora Israela Rabinowicza z 1877)
Pieniazek (np Wsiadszy tedy na nim jechać w pole i wielkim kłósem, rychcią... to jest puściwszy go na wielki kłus, Pieniążek, Hippika (1607) ) i Gospodarstwo uzywaja odmiennie ryścią/rychcia/wieki klós (Klus) , czwal, i wielki skok/skok (Pieniazkowy traktat oraz Gospodarstwo jezdeckie.. byly opracowane pod katem husarii/jazdy polskiej przez rtm Piotrowskiego w latach 1930tych)
Galop ktory przyszedl z Europy zachodniej w XVIII wieku mozna znalesc w literaturze np 'Pościć się galopem,' Niemcewicz, Powrót posła.
Jesli chodzi o konie, chody w jezyku XVIIwiecznym to poezje Waclawa Potockiego sa doskonalym zrodlem - Ogrod fraszek, Wojna Chocimska, rowniez Wespazjan Kochowski.
this version was posted at this Polish forum - http://forum.historia.org.pl/index.php?showtopic=956&pid=151720&st=195&#entry151720
Wednesday, February 10, 2010
Ułani - introduction
a Halan, Uhlan, der Ulan, Ułan, Улан - an introduction
Today there was one snowy day on the East Coast of the US of A. Good day to do some painting and reading, I suppose.
I always wonder how our ancestors could cope with the freezing winter months, when they liked to wage war and invade their neighbors like the winter 1664 campaign against the Grand Duchy of Muscovy aka Russia. It was during this unfriendly season that they started serious military operation over the frozen swamps, lakes, and rivers across the large areas of the Northeastern Europe. Polish-Swedish Wars and Polish-Muscovy (nota bene Poland stopped using Muscovy and adopted new name 'Russia' around 1772 or so) Wars of the XVI-XVIII ( 16-18th) centuries were conducted during all seasons, including the coldest months. I guess they, the people of the Northeastern Europe, were the exception to the rule in the European warfare of the early modern and modern eras. Only Polish-Lithuanian and Mongolian-Tatar armies were able to defeat and capture Moscow and do that to the Russian in their wintry country while the Western European armies of Napoleon and later the German armies of the notorious psycho and murder of millions Hitler could not withstand the cold and snow, eventually perishing under the snow, sleet and ice.
Eh, so many horses died in those wars, and the Napoleonic defeat in 1812 had direct bearing on the collapse of the so called Old Polish Horse as viable breed/type. But it also spelled the beginning of the Polish Arabian breeding, so successful in the late XIX and XX (20th ) centuries.
And this leads me to this subject – 'Ułani' or English Uhlans (actually older form was 'Halani') - the Polish lance-armed, wearing a 'czapka' ('chapska' square-topped hat of the Great Steppe origin) and 'kurtka' (a double-breasted Polish cavalry jacket), cavalry. They appeared in Western military history during the War of Polish Succession (1733=38) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession in the army of the Saxon and Polish King. It took almost a 70 odd years for these uhlans to become famous due to their service with the Napoleonic armies. I will write about that some other time...
So I wanted to start this theme, and I will be returning to it every so often, because I found some early images of the Polish Uhlans from the XVIII ( 18th ) century.
Two horsemen in full uniforms, showing all the distinctive characteristics of the early Uhlan uniforms. From Charles de Warnery's book on the light horsemen writtine in late XVIII century.
For a moment let us return to the origin of the name - uhlan. I will skip for now all the Mongolian-Turkish origin of the word Ułan or oghlan, for sake of brevity and just turn to the origin of the cavalry formation name.
Polish name "Ułan" for these fine horse soldiers comes from the Polish-Lithuanian Tatar noble family surname 'Ułan,' and it was made especially famous and thus survived into the posterity because of one cavalry regiment commander named 'Aleksander Ułan' who was commanding the Polish cavalry 'pułk' - sort of a regiment - in the Polish-Saxon king's service (during the Saxony-Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Union 1733-64) and this regiment was known via his surname as 'dzieci Ułanowe' (Ułan's children) and as such name was Germanized into 'der Uhlan'.
Nota bene there were several 'pulks' in the king's service but they all took this new name for light lance armed cavalry after Aleksander Ułan had died. They returned to Poland from Saxony in 1764, because our king Augustus had died, and they carried the name 'Ułan' in the Polish-Lithuanian army, during the Bar Confederation days and later after the Partitions
So after the Partitions of Poland (1772, 1793, 1795) some of the Polish cavalry regiments were forcibly incorporated into the practitioners' armies (Russia, Prussia and Austria), but only the Napoleonic wars made them Europe-famous and most desired in all European armies and beyond...
I must add that the first Ułan regiments were of the Polish (Lithuanian ) Tatars origin, who at first made the uniform to their liking and used their favorite weapon – a light lance (dzida or rohatyna) with a pennon, along with a sabre, pistol while the officers even carried bows as sign of prestige and rank.
In some not so distant future these Tatars and their history will be told here in some detail, or so I hope.
Pa ka
ps
the picture that I use for my 'avatar' is of such pre-1795 Polish-Lithuanian uhlan officer - done some years ago.
Today there was one snowy day on the East Coast of the US of A. Good day to do some painting and reading, I suppose.
I always wonder how our ancestors could cope with the freezing winter months, when they liked to wage war and invade their neighbors like the winter 1664 campaign against the Grand Duchy of Muscovy aka Russia. It was during this unfriendly season that they started serious military operation over the frozen swamps, lakes, and rivers across the large areas of the Northeastern Europe. Polish-Swedish Wars and Polish-Muscovy (nota bene Poland stopped using Muscovy and adopted new name 'Russia' around 1772 or so) Wars of the XVI-XVIII ( 16-18th) centuries were conducted during all seasons, including the coldest months. I guess they, the people of the Northeastern Europe, were the exception to the rule in the European warfare of the early modern and modern eras. Only Polish-Lithuanian and Mongolian-Tatar armies were able to defeat and capture Moscow and do that to the Russian in their wintry country while the Western European armies of Napoleon and later the German armies of the notorious psycho and murder of millions Hitler could not withstand the cold and snow, eventually perishing under the snow, sleet and ice.
Eh, so many horses died in those wars, and the Napoleonic defeat in 1812 had direct bearing on the collapse of the so called Old Polish Horse as viable breed/type. But it also spelled the beginning of the Polish Arabian breeding, so successful in the late XIX and XX (20th ) centuries.
And this leads me to this subject – 'Ułani' or English Uhlans (actually older form was 'Halani') - the Polish lance-armed, wearing a 'czapka' ('chapska' square-topped hat of the Great Steppe origin) and 'kurtka' (a double-breasted Polish cavalry jacket), cavalry. They appeared in Western military history during the War of Polish Succession (1733=38) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession in the army of the Saxon and Polish King. It took almost a 70 odd years for these uhlans to become famous due to their service with the Napoleonic armies. I will write about that some other time...
So I wanted to start this theme, and I will be returning to it every so often, because I found some early images of the Polish Uhlans from the XVIII ( 18th ) century.
Two horsemen in full uniforms, showing all the distinctive characteristics of the early Uhlan uniforms. From Charles de Warnery's book on the light horsemen writtine in late XVIII century.
For a moment let us return to the origin of the name - uhlan. I will skip for now all the Mongolian-Turkish origin of the word Ułan or oghlan, for sake of brevity and just turn to the origin of the cavalry formation name.
Polish name "Ułan" for these fine horse soldiers comes from the Polish-Lithuanian Tatar noble family surname 'Ułan,' and it was made especially famous and thus survived into the posterity because of one cavalry regiment commander named 'Aleksander Ułan' who was commanding the Polish cavalry 'pułk' - sort of a regiment - in the Polish-Saxon king's service (during the Saxony-Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Union 1733-64) and this regiment was known via his surname as 'dzieci Ułanowe' (Ułan's children) and as such name was Germanized into 'der Uhlan'.
Nota bene there were several 'pulks' in the king's service but they all took this new name for light lance armed cavalry after Aleksander Ułan had died. They returned to Poland from Saxony in 1764, because our king Augustus had died, and they carried the name 'Ułan' in the Polish-Lithuanian army, during the Bar Confederation days and later after the Partitions
So after the Partitions of Poland (1772, 1793, 1795) some of the Polish cavalry regiments were forcibly incorporated into the practitioners' armies (Russia, Prussia and Austria), but only the Napoleonic wars made them Europe-famous and most desired in all European armies and beyond...
I must add that the first Ułan regiments were of the Polish (Lithuanian ) Tatars origin, who at first made the uniform to their liking and used their favorite weapon – a light lance (dzida or rohatyna) with a pennon, along with a sabre, pistol while the officers even carried bows as sign of prestige and rank.
In some not so distant future these Tatars and their history will be told here in some detail, or so I hope.
Pa ka
ps
the picture that I use for my 'avatar' is of such pre-1795 Polish-Lithuanian uhlan officer - done some years ago.
Monday, February 1, 2010
Husaria and poetry I
czolem,
as mentioned husaria of the Old Poland appeared often in her poets written work, from Mikolaj Rey (Rej) od Naglowice http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miko%C5%82aj_Rej to Waclaw Potocki http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wac%C5%82aw_Potocki and mentioned already poet and soldier Wespazjan Kochowski.
Often these references were not direct, for especially in the second half of 16th century ( XVII ) a noble knight ('rycerz') would serve mounted with a lance ('drzewko' or 'kopia') and need not be called a 'husarz' (winged hussar) for the audience to see him as one (even our best poet of this period Jan Kochanowski http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Kochanowski was described when welcoming king Henry in Cracow, dressed as winged hussar) , so for example one of the prolific writers Marcin Bielski http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielski,_Marcin wrote in one of his satires 'kto chce w potkaniu pozyc dobrze Moskwicina, przytrzy nam predko z drzewem jak na Tatarzyna' ( one that wants to press hard a Muscovy soldier in a fight, needs to attack him quickly with a lance in the same manner [one would do] against a Tatar) ' Sen Maiowy' (Dream of a Hermit, 1586). It was understood that one attacking with a 'drzewo' (lit. wood, actually a lance) was a winged hussar.
Often our poets would talk about hussar appearance and interesting information can be had from these verse as in Wacław Potocki poem where poet (who very often was a great satirist and comedian in his work) only recognizes a winged hussar by his costume details - 'karwasze' (warmbraces or forearms protectors ) and one wing (poem 'Pogonia Litewska', from a compilation titled 'Ogrod Fraszek' written between 1675-90 but published in its entirety in 1907).
Potocki, having often written about war and politics in his poems, will often be revisited here (God willing), as many of his works have to do with fine horses and riders, their adventures and misadventures as well - :)
Wednesday, January 27, 2010
Usarz in training ...
Hussaria or our winged hussar ( польский гусар) had to train their horses a lot, until their horses were so well trained and fiery that, as one of our Polish poets from the 17th (XVII) century Waclaw Potocki wrote in one of his poems, when trumpets called hussars to battle such horse would beat the ground with his hooves, would raise his head high and neighing announced his readiness to serve his rider. I use masculine gender when talking about their horses for according to the sources usually stallions ('drygant'/'ogier') or geldings ('walach') were used exclusively as war horses. Mares were used for breeding and non-military transportation.
After all, according to another Polish poet of the mid-17th century Wespazyan Kochowski http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wespazjan_Kochowski , a winged hussar was a giant of martial prowess when had a brave horse, strong breastplate, saddle (presumably hussar saddle or 'husarskie siodlo') with a 'koncerz' (tuck, estock).
In my sketch our noble towarzysz (companion), mid 1640s, is dressed in his undershirt, loose pants of steppe Turkish-Tatar style, yellow leather boots with hussar spurs and Hungarian-style magierka (hat). Let's say he is in his 'majdan' (another Persian via Turco-Tatar word in our language) paddock gentling his future warhorse.
His saddle is of that already mentioned hussar type, as exemplified by surviving winged hussar saddles in Moscow and Stockholm, with Polish-Tatar iron stirrups, and with a simple 'potnik'(sweat pad) or 'mituk' (blanket) under the saddle. He has his 'kopia' (lance) in the 'tok' (leather container) hung from the saddle's 'kula' (horn) - nota bene similar to the Mexican and Western saddles' horn. And he is training his young horse ('munsztuk' or curb bit in his mouth) to turn while distracted by the presence of his kopia. Most likely he has his 'szabla' (saber) on his left side and a 'koncerz' under his left thigh.
Imci Wespazjan Kochowski poems can be read via google books: http://books.google.com/books?id=-mhbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP6&dq=Wespazyan+Kochowski&as_brr=1&ei=NItgS7X9FY-0NOXwzO8E&client=firefox-a&cd=2#v=onepage&q=&f=false
After all, according to another Polish poet of the mid-17th century Wespazyan Kochowski http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wespazjan_Kochowski , a winged hussar was a giant of martial prowess when had a brave horse, strong breastplate, saddle (presumably hussar saddle or 'husarskie siodlo') with a 'koncerz' (tuck, estock).
In my sketch our noble towarzysz (companion), mid 1640s, is dressed in his undershirt, loose pants of steppe Turkish-Tatar style, yellow leather boots with hussar spurs and Hungarian-style magierka (hat). Let's say he is in his 'majdan' (another Persian via Turco-Tatar word in our language) paddock gentling his future warhorse.
His saddle is of that already mentioned hussar type, as exemplified by surviving winged hussar saddles in Moscow and Stockholm, with Polish-Tatar iron stirrups, and with a simple 'potnik'(sweat pad) or 'mituk' (blanket) under the saddle. He has his 'kopia' (lance) in the 'tok' (leather container) hung from the saddle's 'kula' (horn) - nota bene similar to the Mexican and Western saddles' horn. And he is training his young horse ('munsztuk' or curb bit in his mouth) to turn while distracted by the presence of his kopia. Most likely he has his 'szabla' (saber) on his left side and a 'koncerz' under his left thigh.
Imci Wespazjan Kochowski poems can be read via google books: http://books.google.com/books?id=-mhbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP6&dq=Wespazyan+Kochowski&as_brr=1&ei=NItgS7X9FY-0NOXwzO8E&client=firefox-a&cd=2#v=onepage&q=&f=false
Thursday, January 21, 2010
Passing of Richard Hook
Hello friends and fellow travelers,
I just found out that on or before January 12 , 2010 one of the most important military artists passed away. http://www.ospreypublishing.com/blog/Richard_Hook_Rest_in_Peace/
I must say Mr. Richard Hook art, this modern master of military art, has influenced me in many ways over the two decades since I first encountered his artwork when browsing through Osprey books in a bookshop, its name long forgotten, in Athens, Greece.
My favorite artwork of Mr. Hook has to do with the Native Americans (Indians, Ameridians, Indianie).
For many years he had researched the Plains tribes and created some of the most fascinating reconstruction illustrations ever produced on the subject. But he painted Aztecs, Apaches, Creeks (Muskogee), Iroquois or my favorites - Shawnees.
His work will be greatly missed by this blogger - :(
R.I.P. sir Richard - may Gods welcome you with open arms at the Heaven's gate.
Friday, January 15, 2010
Kon Polski Polish Horse
With this post I am returning to the horses, saddles and Polish-Lithuanian ( we could add Ukrainian as Ukraine was Polish then too, while Lithuania) horse tack of the XVI-XVIII (16-18th) centuries. The most preeminent Polish hippologist prof. Witold Pruski wrote in his seminal work - "Two Centuries of Polish Breeding of the Arabian Horses (1778-1978)" - that the best horse flesh in Old Poland came from what today constitutes the former Soviet Republic of Ukraine.
Contrary to many legends and good wishing these horse were not Arabians, but of Central Asian and Anatolian & Armenian (Turkish) origin - I will write about that some other time.
Prof Pruski stated in the chapter I of his book that the Turkish horse was an exclusive, particular breed of war horses bred by the Ottoman Turks (especially in the ancient Armenian kingdom of Cilicia incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in the beginning of the XVI (16th) century) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia ).
Our Polish horses were often with ram's head and Roman-nosed, adhering to the old Ancient Roman standards for horse head - small in size, noble, thin skinned, alert and pointy ears, wide nostrils, intelligent and prominent eyes {one day I am going to write about that :) ] .
Nobody painted better Old Polish horses than Jozef Brant and Juliusz Kossak, two Polish painters of the XIX (19th) century.
Jozef Brant
http://www.pinakoteka.zascianek.pl/Brandt/Index.htm
Juliusz Kossak
http://www.pinakoteka.zascianek.pl/Kossak_Jul/Index.htm
In my humble drawing (by the way a different version of this drawing was published here in October 2008) a 'pacholik' (young servant/retainer) holds a rumak (from Turkish word argamak that in turn comes from a Persian word - he, horse traditions always lead to the ancient Iranians of Eurasian steppe and Central Asia) dressed as winged hussar horse.
Rumak (Polish nobles rode stallions to war) is saddled with a 'siodło usarskie' (hussar war saddle) of mixed Central Asian, Ottoman Turkish, Crimean Tatar and Italian provenance with a Tatar-Polish stirrup, a smaller Turkish or Tatar 'czaprak' (shabraque) underneath the saddle, while the horse is a bitted with a curb-bit. There are weapons too, a set of wheellock pistols, most likely German in manufacture, and a long armour piercing 'koncerz' ( tuck) attached to the saddle. Feathers on his poll, feathered wing at the saddle, and a buńczuk - horse tail (Turkish-Tatar tug/kutas) - at his throat completes the picture..
Labels:
links,
Old Polish horse tack,
Old Polish saddle,
Polish horse,
rumak
Wednesday, January 13, 2010
Крымские татары Crimean Tatars Tatarzy
Hello friends,
Today little text and more sketches of my imaginary fabulous horsemen of the southern Russian/Ukrainian steppes - the Crimean Tatars (Tatarzy, Крымские татары ) - especially of the 16-17thc centuries (XVI-XVII).
In Polish horse culture many words have their origins in the culture of these steppe people - my favorite is 'bachmat' - sometimes bigger, other times smaller, but strong, fleet, compact and especially brave Tatar warhorse.
Please note they are unfinished sketches.
Today little text and more sketches of my imaginary fabulous horsemen of the southern Russian/Ukrainian steppes - the Crimean Tatars (Tatarzy, Крымские татары ) - especially of the 16-17thc centuries (XVI-XVII).
In Polish horse culture many words have their origins in the culture of these steppe people - my favorite is 'bachmat' - sometimes bigger, other times smaller, but strong, fleet, compact and especially brave Tatar warhorse.
Please note they are unfinished sketches.
Labels:
bachmat,
Crimean Tatars,
sketches
Friday, January 1, 2010
Annus Novus
Annus Novus,
... and again we've got ourselves a brand New Year, 2010 years from the legendary beginning of the Christian era. I hope this new 2010 will see more peace and tranquility than the last one. We are visiting Colorado Springs, and yesterday we hiked a bit in the Garden of Gods, an ancient Ute Indians winter camping ground converted into a park, c'est la vie. Perhaps tomorrow we will ride horses at the Air Force Academy – eh, sweet vacation. Colorado is beautiful, Pikes Peak snow-white, while bison and mule deer burgers are very tasty, thus I must conclude that nothing beats the Western US – with the exception of the Brooklyn Public Library and one very helpful librarian- many thanks Ms.Isabela :) .
Meantime I did some sketching over the Christmas vacation and one these 'playthings' can be seen here – this is a copy of a horse head from the Achaemenid site at Persepolis. I converted it a bit to make it more 'colorful' if you will. The bulging forehead and ram nose is the peculiar trait of this ancient Median horse. Raised on lucerne and fabulous grasses of Media these horses rode into history ... with Herodotus, Xenophont and others :).
This new year has very, very promising outlook– ancient China horses and chevaliers, more Eurasian nomads, more noble Polish-Lithuanian riders and their steeds, finally some Medieval themes etc. Time will show …
Thursday, December 24, 2009
Wesolych Swiat!
Hello again,
we, Polish people, celebrate Christmas with 3 days of eating and bonding, especially reestablishing family and friendship bonds, and it is a very joyous time of the year.
However, in today's little entry I would like to return for a moment to the time of the other great Jewish (and a bit Arabian) king of Judea known to us a Herod the Great , whose dynasty ruled, solely with Rome's nod and approval, the last independent Jewish kingdom in the Holy Land (ending with the death of Agrippa II circa 100 AD) The other independent Jewish state was the khanate of nomadic Chazars of the Pontic-Caspian steppes, but more than a millennium after the last Herodian ruler.
I just received, as a Christmas gift, this little Heracles (so much good info0 of a book published by British Osprey, titled 'The Army of Herod the Great,' written by Samuel Rocca and nicely illustrated by Christa Hook. It is a book about the military of the Jewish-Hellenic client-state existing on the borders of the Roman Empire.
There are many interesting figures in this book, especially Hatrene warriors, or the Thracians and Galatians in Herod's service. But my first 'love' is another cavalryman mentioned in the book and painted there along with his commander. It is the 'Babylonian. '
I sketched this horseman out off the plate F in the book, sort of coping it and changing some.
He is a member of this so called Babylonian light horse archers unit, created by one Jewish nobleman named Zamaris and hired by Herod. Zamaris at some point of his adult life moved from the Parthian kingdom, where Jews had lived and prospered for centuries, to the Herod's realm and entered Herod's army as commander. Mr Rocca, after Shutzman, says that from Mesopotamia our Zamaris emigrated along with his entire retinue and initially must have created this 'Babylonian' unit of horse archers for the Herod's army out of his retainers. Jospehus Flavius, the Jewish_Roman ancient historian, wrote about Zamaris and his riders (AJ XVII , 24).
He wears Parthian ridding coat with fur trimming (slit from the hem to hips to allow easy mounting and ridding horses), quilted tunic, quilted hat, Leather belt covered with gilt-metal plates, and tied with laces. His weapons are the two unstrung composite bows, with a tubular quiver (unseen as covered by his coat), and long sword (unseen), suspended from the second belt, and his horsewhip, quite a weapon itself - eg just read the Tyrant novels by Mr Cameron.
Horse has a typical horned and stuffed leather saddle, secured with broad breast and croup straps, adorned with bronze pahalerae (medallions), while his saddle is covered with a cloth... His horse' snaffle bit has long psalion bars for stability etc. I drew his horse's tail tied as the Iranians used to do, and its forelock is also tied up with leather thong, in the same Iranian martial fashion ( this sketch and info pertaining to the cavalryman are based mostly on the Mr Rocca's book).
I did my sketch entirely on my Linux computer, using GIMP and MyPaint drawing with the Wacom tablet.
Merry Christmas...
ps
I found more info on the Babylonian horsearchers unit - according to Jonathan P. Roth, Zamaris came to Judea around 20 BC, possibly having defected from the Parthian service. He and his followers (500 soldiers and 100 relatives) were taken by Herod into his service as horsearchers, and settled in town called Bathrya, in Batanea. This military colony under Zamaris was organized in such a way that Zamaris' unit performed military service in exchange for freedom from taxation (what a great king Herod was! the next tulers tired to change this approach). The unit survived Herod's and Zamaris' deaths, and was commanded, according to Flavius Josephus, first by Zamaris' son Jacimus or Jakimus (who trained soldiers in arts of horsemanship and horse archery, and provided king's bodyguards) and then his grandson Philip Ben Jakimus, who was of strong hands and friend of Agrippa. The Babylonian archers unit size also increased over time, from 500 to several thousands, again according to F. Jospehus who claimed that this 'Babylonian' unit was as large as the rest of king Herod Agrippa forces. Most likely Philip as strategos was the commander of the 2000 cavalry that king Agrippa II sent to quell the budding Great Uprising in Jerusalem (66AD )which failed but they were allowed to retire from the city. Then they fought alongside the Roman army during this long and difficult war, with Philip fighting and surviving the large Roman defeat at Beth Horon, later being most likely the commander of the entire Herodian army (Roth, Jewish Forces in Roman Service p. 6 - 23, Flavius Josephus on Zamaris and his unit p.210-11 here http://books.google.com/books?id=II5DAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA209&lpg=PA209&dq=zamaris+flavius+josephus&source=bl&ots=H9JP4VC6Tm&sig=t8tGSt48OOOvIQUf-0HJrY6MNy4&hl=en&ei=ZmI2S7eLJ861lAfB4dzdBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=&f=false )
we, Polish people, celebrate Christmas with 3 days of eating and bonding, especially reestablishing family and friendship bonds, and it is a very joyous time of the year.
However, in today's little entry I would like to return for a moment to the time of the other great Jewish (and a bit Arabian) king of Judea known to us a Herod the Great , whose dynasty ruled, solely with Rome's nod and approval, the last independent Jewish kingdom in the Holy Land (ending with the death of Agrippa II circa 100 AD) The other independent Jewish state was the khanate of nomadic Chazars of the Pontic-Caspian steppes, but more than a millennium after the last Herodian ruler.
I just received, as a Christmas gift, this little Heracles (so much good info0 of a book published by British Osprey, titled 'The Army of Herod the Great,' written by Samuel Rocca and nicely illustrated by Christa Hook. It is a book about the military of the Jewish-Hellenic client-state existing on the borders of the Roman Empire.
There are many interesting figures in this book, especially Hatrene warriors, or the Thracians and Galatians in Herod's service. But my first 'love' is another cavalryman mentioned in the book and painted there along with his commander. It is the 'Babylonian. '
I sketched this horseman out off the plate F in the book, sort of coping it and changing some.
He is a member of this so called Babylonian light horse archers unit, created by one Jewish nobleman named Zamaris and hired by Herod. Zamaris at some point of his adult life moved from the Parthian kingdom, where Jews had lived and prospered for centuries, to the Herod's realm and entered Herod's army as commander. Mr Rocca, after Shutzman, says that from Mesopotamia our Zamaris emigrated along with his entire retinue and initially must have created this 'Babylonian' unit of horse archers for the Herod's army out of his retainers. Jospehus Flavius, the Jewish_Roman ancient historian, wrote about Zamaris and his riders (AJ XVII , 24).
He wears Parthian ridding coat with fur trimming (slit from the hem to hips to allow easy mounting and ridding horses), quilted tunic, quilted hat, Leather belt covered with gilt-metal plates, and tied with laces. His weapons are the two unstrung composite bows, with a tubular quiver (unseen as covered by his coat), and long sword (unseen), suspended from the second belt, and his horsewhip, quite a weapon itself - eg just read the Tyrant novels by Mr Cameron.
Horse has a typical horned and stuffed leather saddle, secured with broad breast and croup straps, adorned with bronze pahalerae (medallions), while his saddle is covered with a cloth... His horse' snaffle bit has long psalion bars for stability etc. I drew his horse's tail tied as the Iranians used to do, and its forelock is also tied up with leather thong, in the same Iranian martial fashion ( this sketch and info pertaining to the cavalryman are based mostly on the Mr Rocca's book).
I did my sketch entirely on my Linux computer, using GIMP and MyPaint drawing with the Wacom tablet.
Merry Christmas...
ps
I found more info on the Babylonian horsearchers unit - according to Jonathan P. Roth, Zamaris came to Judea around 20 BC, possibly having defected from the Parthian service. He and his followers (500 soldiers and 100 relatives) were taken by Herod into his service as horsearchers, and settled in town called Bathrya, in Batanea. This military colony under Zamaris was organized in such a way that Zamaris' unit performed military service in exchange for freedom from taxation (what a great king Herod was! the next tulers tired to change this approach). The unit survived Herod's and Zamaris' deaths, and was commanded, according to Flavius Josephus, first by Zamaris' son Jacimus or Jakimus (who trained soldiers in arts of horsemanship and horse archery, and provided king's bodyguards) and then his grandson Philip Ben Jakimus, who was of strong hands and friend of Agrippa. The Babylonian archers unit size also increased over time, from 500 to several thousands, again according to F. Jospehus who claimed that this 'Babylonian' unit was as large as the rest of king Herod Agrippa forces. Most likely Philip as strategos was the commander of the 2000 cavalry that king Agrippa II sent to quell the budding Great Uprising in Jerusalem (66AD )which failed but they were allowed to retire from the city. Then they fought alongside the Roman army during this long and difficult war, with Philip fighting and surviving the large Roman defeat at Beth Horon, later being most likely the commander of the entire Herodian army (Roth, Jewish Forces in Roman Service p. 6 - 23, Flavius Josephus on Zamaris and his unit p.210-11 here http://books.google.com/books?id=II5DAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA209&lpg=PA209&dq=zamaris+flavius+josephus&source=bl&ots=H9JP4VC6Tm&sig=t8tGSt48OOOvIQUf-0HJrY6MNy4&hl=en&ei=ZmI2S7eLJ861lAfB4dzdBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=&f=false )
Wednesday, December 9, 2009
Khumbuz-Tepe ostracon
I included my own ad hoc conceptual representation of the armored saddle as suggested by Philip in his commentary to the Massagatean warrior...
Labels:
ancient cavalry,
archaeology,
cavalry armor,
Chorasmia,
Massagatae,
Saka,
Scythia,
sketches
Friday, December 4, 2009
Hussar officer - Imci Pan Porucznik
czolem,
let me return for a little moment to the Polish-Lithuanian Respublica of the 17th century with this little sketch of a Husaria officer.
I hope to 'paint' it digitally some time soon. Meantime he will be riding this blog in black and white. Please note that in a Turkish fashion (or perhaps more ancient - Macedonian and Scythian) his horse has a leopard skin spread underneath his eastern (Turkish-Tatar) saddle. His Hungarian style boots are placed in the Polish (of Tatar origin) stirrups and he guides his horse with an aid of the heavy German-style 'munsztuk' (Polish for 'curb-bit'), as advised by the famous Polish-Lithuanian author, aristocrat, and winged hussar himself Krzysztof M. Dorohostayski (Dorohostajski or Дорогостайски) , of Leliwa coat of arms, a great rider himself, participant of many wars, eg war with Ivan the Terrible, war with Sweden where he distinguished himself as a cavalry commander under the command of grand hetman Krzysztof Radziwiłł Piorun at the victorious battle of Kokenhausen (Koknese) June 23, 1601...
He is the author of this worthy Polish language treatise on horsemanship titled 'Hippica' , published many times during the 17th century in the Commonwealth, now accessible on google books - thanks google :)
http://books.google.com/books?id=qwgEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA120&dq=hippica+konie&as_brr=1&ei=PlYZS_bvIKT8ygTHr7WhBA&client=firefox-a#v=onepage&q=&f=false
for your enjoyment I hope ...
pa ka [Valete]
let me return for a little moment to the Polish-Lithuanian Respublica of the 17th century with this little sketch of a Husaria officer.
I hope to 'paint' it digitally some time soon. Meantime he will be riding this blog in black and white. Please note that in a Turkish fashion (or perhaps more ancient - Macedonian and Scythian) his horse has a leopard skin spread underneath his eastern (Turkish-Tatar) saddle. His Hungarian style boots are placed in the Polish (of Tatar origin) stirrups and he guides his horse with an aid of the heavy German-style 'munsztuk' (Polish for 'curb-bit'), as advised by the famous Polish-Lithuanian author, aristocrat, and winged hussar himself Krzysztof M. Dorohostayski (Dorohostajski or Дорогостайски) , of Leliwa coat of arms, a great rider himself, participant of many wars, eg war with Ivan the Terrible, war with Sweden where he distinguished himself as a cavalry commander under the command of grand hetman Krzysztof Radziwiłł Piorun at the victorious battle of Kokenhausen (Koknese) June 23, 1601...
He is the author of this worthy Polish language treatise on horsemanship titled 'Hippica' , published many times during the 17th century in the Commonwealth, now accessible on google books - thanks google :)
http://books.google.com/books?id=qwgEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA120&dq=hippica+konie&as_brr=1&ei=PlYZS_bvIKT8ygTHr7WhBA&client=firefox-a#v=onepage&q=&f=false
for your enjoyment I hope ...
pa ka [Valete]
Sunday, November 22, 2009
Old watercolour - Plains warrior fantasy
hello again,
long time ago I drew a sketch of a mounted Native warrior, and then I went over it with 'dry-brush' watercolour - the end result was this rather fantasy-related drawing of a Plains rider (North American native warrior of the pre-1840s).
As I can recall my then-intent it had to do with this idea of showing a native warrior along with his war paraphernalia - coup stick, long lance, bow and arrows etc - displaying a captured musket/rifle and cartridge pouch of a US army soldier.
I say pre-1840s because he has tanned leather tubular leggings with coup marks and has not many items that can be related to the European, Mexican or American manufacture. His hair is adorned with eagle feathers with coup marks and his medicinal bird - crow or some other black bird . while his concave shield with various ritual images and hawk feathers etc should have been held by a shoulder strap and/or rim handle, as Plains shields were not held in the Old World fashion, by a hoop or handle in the middle of a shield.
He has a blanket wrapped around his hips, a typical Plains fashion until the end of the era, i.e., early XX century. In the millenia old tradition he painted his pace, and his torso and arms, and has a gorget-like shell and trade beads necklace on his chest. I gave him a choker but I do not think it was a good idea, well, too late as watercolours are hard to correct..
His mount has a eagle feather in its forelock, medicine and war exploits marks painted on its body - coup marks etc, while there is a scalp lock hoop hanging on the war bridle, note that the bridle is but a single rawhide rope with its end trailing the ground. The function of the scalp lock attached to the war bridle was not only to show this horse and its owner's war prowess, but also more practical as it caused a horse to keep its head lower when moving or risk being smacked around the sensitive head ( nostrils, jaw, face etc) by the hooped scalp lock - quite ingenious horse-riding aide invented by the Plains tribes, well attested in the rock and ledger art of the Plains. I am not showing his apishamore (Piegan word for the treeless leather/hide Plains saddle)but it may be covered with his blankets etc.
Horse's tail is tied for war and thus not visible.
There are things that I missed: a knife in a decorated sheath, war-club or hatchet. Proportions are off and things are unsteady but I still like this image, so it will stay.
I got another old watercolour of Plains mounted warrior that I will post next time the Plains warriors are subject of my notes and musings.
pa ka
long time ago I drew a sketch of a mounted Native warrior, and then I went over it with 'dry-brush' watercolour - the end result was this rather fantasy-related drawing of a Plains rider (North American native warrior of the pre-1840s).
As I can recall my then-intent it had to do with this idea of showing a native warrior along with his war paraphernalia - coup stick, long lance, bow and arrows etc - displaying a captured musket/rifle and cartridge pouch of a US army soldier.
I say pre-1840s because he has tanned leather tubular leggings with coup marks and has not many items that can be related to the European, Mexican or American manufacture. His hair is adorned with eagle feathers with coup marks and his medicinal bird - crow or some other black bird . while his concave shield with various ritual images and hawk feathers etc should have been held by a shoulder strap and/or rim handle, as Plains shields were not held in the Old World fashion, by a hoop or handle in the middle of a shield.
He has a blanket wrapped around his hips, a typical Plains fashion until the end of the era, i.e., early XX century. In the millenia old tradition he painted his pace, and his torso and arms, and has a gorget-like shell and trade beads necklace on his chest. I gave him a choker but I do not think it was a good idea, well, too late as watercolours are hard to correct..
His mount has a eagle feather in its forelock, medicine and war exploits marks painted on its body - coup marks etc, while there is a scalp lock hoop hanging on the war bridle, note that the bridle is but a single rawhide rope with its end trailing the ground. The function of the scalp lock attached to the war bridle was not only to show this horse and its owner's war prowess, but also more practical as it caused a horse to keep its head lower when moving or risk being smacked around the sensitive head ( nostrils, jaw, face etc) by the hooped scalp lock - quite ingenious horse-riding aide invented by the Plains tribes, well attested in the rock and ledger art of the Plains. I am not showing his apishamore (Piegan word for the treeless leather/hide Plains saddle)but it may be covered with his blankets etc.
Horse's tail is tied for war and thus not visible.
There are things that I missed: a knife in a decorated sheath, war-club or hatchet. Proportions are off and things are unsteady but I still like this image, so it will stay.
I got another old watercolour of Plains mounted warrior that I will post next time the Plains warriors are subject of my notes and musings.
pa ka
Monday, November 16, 2009
Massagetan warrior I

...this is a version of my original Massagetan horseman.
... according to the already mentioned archaeologist, who is not my friend even by a longest Mongolian bow shot ;) , named Marek Wozniak the armor corselet consisted of leather plates or plaques sewn together and 'needle work' covered with leather 'ribbons' - somewhat similar to the Orlat warriors of the Orlat bone plaque http://www.transoxiana.org/Eran/Articles/mode.html or Kumbuz-Tepe http://www.antiquemilitaryhistory.com/images/khumbuztepe.JPG , helmet based on the Samarkand find , sewn onto his hat aka ''bashlik.'' This type of reconstruction was proposed by the Kazakh archaeologists before but for much later dates. There is an English translation of Yablonsky article on the Massagetan warrior find http://s155239215.onlinehome.us/turkic/27_Scythians/Massagetan_Warrior_En.htm
The shoulder protectors are based on the prof. Olbrycht discussion as have been reconstructed by dr. Gorelik (his book on Alexander of Macedon and the Iranian world) of the Chirik-Rabat and the Gorelik's intepretations of the Chirik-Rabat and Saka in general.
find Chirik-Rabat here http://www.antiquemilitaryhistory.com/images/chirikrabat.JPG
... already mentioned Wozniak suggested the sword to be a typical longer Scythian version, as shown in 'The Golden Deer of Eurasia' or . I picked the battle ax upon perusing my Scythian and Saka book collections and it belongs to the southern Siberia finds published by Gryaznov (V century BC).
Horse whip is my own 'imagination' (if you read 'Tyrant' novels you may find out how deadly this 'nahayka' whips could have been) while his belt is of south Siberian origin I saw in Gorelik's article on the Saka armor. The sword sharpening stone aka whet stone is a typical steppe tool, hung from nomads belts, typical find in the Pontic and Caspian steppes, also my own addition. The same with the choice of a bashlik type based on the Siberian Saka finds by the Soviet and Russian archaeologists.
This particular armour concept, especially choosing of Orlat bone plaques (variously dated to II c. BC to V c. AD and do find this great article about the plaques http://www.transoxiana.org/Eran/Articles/mode.html ) as basis for the armour reconstruction and type of neck guard - segmented instead of one metal sheet (segmented is used by the later Saka, Yuezhi, Kangju or Huns, while single sheet was developed and used by the Saka being the earliest steppe collar), has been heavily but substantively criticized by Ruben aka Mein Pantzer on the romanarmy.com and my friend Patryk Skupniewicz. Ruben pointed to a Taraz find
Having read (mostly) the Polos'mak book on the Pazyryk Saka's clothing I think that pants, boots, and tunic need to be reworked a lot. I am going to add a later Saka gorytos - longer and much more powerful bow as found by the Chinese in the former Saka and Uigur lands in the Chinese Turkestan (Xinjiang) - there is this delightful article on Atarn archery website http://www.atarn.org/chinese/scythian_bows.htm
Another set of elements are missing here, those are the cultural, ritual and religious items always found in the Siberian kurgans of the Saka and related to their believes. Other items I could add here are the feathers and animals skins, especially snow leopard, wolf or tiger pelt adornments as natural part of the Scythian, Saka, Yuezhi, Hun, Turkic, Uigur, Mongol warrior 'wolfbands. ' In this particular Saka aka North Iranian case the deer, wild boar and wild felines imagery shall find itself added here. After all, as my friend Patryk always points that Shahnameh's Rustam was a Saka...
I shall correct them too, I hope.
Labels:
Massagatae,
Saka,
Scythia,
sketches,
warriors
Massagetan warrior


well,
for a few weeks now I have been trying to research the theme of an armored Caspian steppe warrior of the 4th century BC - the Massagetan warrior or a member of a Saka Tigrakhauda/Tigraxauda, - Pointed Hat Sakaname of the Achaemenid Persians.
This particular topic has been long overdue for me. About a year ago or more I drew a 'straight forward' Massagetan armored rider reconstruction based on a drawing and description done by an archaeologist, the idea was to show the Achaemenid warriors during the time of the Macedonian Conquest, as a result I have more images of Persian warriors, mostly infantry so they do not 'qualify' to appear here :).
I had consulted it with my friend Patryk, who has been writing about the Saka and Parthian warriors for his forthcoming articles and a book (perhaps), and he pointed some issue that would need to be addressed in order to arrive with more up-to-date image - I will try to work out these issues to be happy with the research etc.
There is this discussion going on here, on the romanarmy.com - http://www.romanarmytalk.com/rat/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=27727* that somehow triggered the return to this topic.
and I am attaching another image so some other discussion regarding Scythians etc as depicted in the Christian Cameron's book -'Tyrant' a finre adventure in the 4th century steppes of Eurasia - may be somehow enriched - the attached image is the compilation of Cimmerian (Kimerian) swords drawn some years ago by M.V. Gorelik, foremost specialist on the steppe peoples' warrior appearance.
I intend to draw some mounted Cimmerians in the near future.
http://www.hippeis.com/forum/index.php?topic=319.msg2683#new
* dead link - they changed the server - http://www.romanarmytalk.com/rat/thread-16001.html?highlight=massagetae
Labels:
ancient cavalry,
ancient horse tack,
Christian Cameron,
Massagatae,
Saka,
Scythia,
sketches
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