Salvete Omnes,
and just a quick link - to the October 2021 Nature Magazine article titled:
The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes -
from the article's abstract:
Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range
mobility and warfare.
However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest
domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and
corralling at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 BC.
Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication,
such as Iberia and Anatolia6,
have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic
and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown.
Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower
Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses.
Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying
domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that
modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local
populations as they expanded including Sintashta spoke-wheeled
chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for
critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM
genes. Our results reject the commonly held association between
horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe
pastoralists into Europe around 3000 BC.driving the spread of
Indo-European languages.
This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian
languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early
second millennium BC Sintashta culture.
Valete