Nicola di Cosmo- a lecture worth your while

 Salvete Omnes,

I would like to point your 'horses' towards this lecture (Yt) - prof. Nicola di Cosmo, titled: the Early Great Wall  and the Formation of the Silk Road. 

Professor talks about the Warring States in the Chinese history, especially the three northern state of Qin, Zhao and Yan, and their trading gold, silver, silk etc for for horses and cattle, furs etc  with the pastoral nomads of the northern frontier et al., creating mutual dependencies and alliances and cultural borrowing - eg the saddles and horse tack(as evidenced by the horse tack in the emperor Qin Shiq Huang Di Terracotta Army & cavalry ), riding coat, riding pants, riding boots etc from the nomads.

All in all it is a very interesting lecture delivered in an easy manner, whereas the knowledge presented is vast and while the field of ancient Chinese and Eurasian archaeology  is still expanding.

lance heads

the Ordos Loop of the Yellow River, the vast grasslands that were the nomadic heaven in the old Chinese history

Han cavalry on the fines fine steeds Chinese empires would have produced

animal style of Eurasian steppe- from the western Eurasia to Manchuria and south into Warring States

Two maps showing the early Warring States period (with various barbarian or non-Chinese groups outside the 'Han' Chinese cumulative territory ) and the end or the Qin unification:

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Valete