Hodow 1694 AD - pare przemyslen o starciu i wideo Marka Rogowicza o Tatarach po Hodowem

 

Salvete Omnes,

[in Polish]
Poczatek nowego  roku a  moje pytanie zadawane dawno temu na historykach(forum) wciąż pozostaje otwarte -

  Czy można nazwac starcie zwane batalią/bitwą pod wsią Hodów, 5km od zamku w Pomorzanach - od 1945 roku ZSRR i od 1991 na Ukrainie, polskimi Termopilami* ???

Z całym szacunkiem do badaczy zawodowych(tj pracujacych w roznych instytutach i placowkach nauki et kultury rzadowych  et publicznych etc) i niezaleznych, ale jest temat militarnych przewag i słabości jest raczej słabo opracowany w prezentacjach wszystkich, gdy chodzi o stronę pokazania tematu w ramach studium militarnego tzw historii militarnej taktyki , strategi jak i wyszkolenia husarskich i pancernych towarzyszy i pocztowych, czyli naszych koronnych uczestników tego starcia hodowskiego. jak i przeciwnika jakim tutaj mieli byc ordyncy czyli czlonkowie roznych ord tatarskich pod panowaniem Imperium Osmanskiego.

 Moim zdaniem ani jedno z tych opracowań nie idzie ów przysłowiowy krok do przodu od tego co jest w opracowaniach z XIX-XX wieku - mimo nawet wizyt panów badaczy na miejscu w samym Hodowie na Ukrainie - i tego co juz jest w biografii hetmana Jabłonowskiego.

Bo jakby nie patrzec to dla polskiej , tj oddzialow wydzielonych aka elearow armii koronnej, strony to  starcie w Hodowie było przede wszystkim bitwa obronna, jako, że  maszerujący Polacy [nie wiemy jak maszerowali ani czy mieli konie powodne i juczne z zapasami prowadzone przez pacholkow/ciurow z pocztow towarzyszy i dowodcow] zostali w polu zaskoczeni albo wciagnieci w zasadzke stylem  sztuki wojennej tatarskiej, i wtedy nasi elearowie husarsko-pancerni doznali, po poczatkowym sukcesie?  natarcia  (bo Polacy wzieli jencow ),  porazki(?) w polu od Ordy przewazajacej liczebnie i zapewne dazacej do oskrzydlenia i okrazenia i tym samym zniszczenia oddzialu i wziecia w jasyr Polakow. 

Z opisow zrodlowych wynika, ze musieli sie ratowac rejterada do pobliskiej wsi (czyzby znali teren albo wczesniej przez Hodow przechodzili?), zeby nie zostac okrazonymi i w konsekwnecji wyjetymi jak przyslowiowe raki z saka - zreszta juz to 'wyjmowanie rakow z saku' zaczelo sie  w czasie rejterady pod naporem ordycow, bo wycofujace sie choragwie elearskie doznaly strat w zabitych ( min Mikołaj Guttyter Dobrodziejski) a czesc elearow dostala sie do niewoli tatarskiej, w tym dowodca oddzialu z fortu Panny Marii Mikolaj Tyszkowski, herbu Gozdawa. Tu pamietajmy, ze byla to jeszcze w tym momencie starcia  bitwa potkaniowa kawalerii, gdzie 'pulk' elearski wycofywal sie walczac w kierunku wsi Hodow.

W Hodowie nasz elearski pulk, uszczuplony o straty bojowe w zabitych, rannych i jencach wzietych przez tatarskich najezdnikow na przedpolu wsi etc,  przeszedl do obrony pozycyjnej  za pomoca broni palnej ( i moze lukow i strzal? bo o kopiach czy dzidach a dzirytach nic nie wiemy) wsrod zorganizowanych na predce 'forteli'* i istniejacych drewnianych zagrod chlopskich, tym samym  chroniacych czesciowo obroncow przed ostrzalem z tarskich lukow ( domniemanie tez i  dzirytow strony tatarskiej) jak i dajacych mozliwosc bronienia sie przed oskrzydlajacych atakiem na biala bron.

choc ilustracja Kielisinskiego jest z XIX wieku, to ploty wiejskie mogly byc czescia owych forteli wykorzystywanych przez broniacych sie Polakow 

Nota bene zasieg skuteczny strzal z lukow tatarskich byl zapewne  przynajmniej 2 razy wiekszy niz ten skuteczny zasieg kul wystrzelonych z bandoletow(strzelb ) elearskich, nie mowiac o pistoletach, ktorych zasieg skutecznego ognia byl zalosnie niski w tej epoce.

Dodam, ze bronili sie Polacy takze w oparciu o istniejacy wowczas staw hodowski, ktory dawal dodatkowa oslone od flankujacego ataku tatarskiego, ergo, przy pomocy tych przeszkod i umocnien sztucznych a  naturalnych, i mimo wielogodzinnego ostrzalu z lukow i domniemanych prob atakow na biala bron na 'okopanych' elearow ze strony oddzialow tatarskich, to jednak w Hodowie przede wszystkim wydaje sie (na podstawie zrodel), ze nie bylo starcia/starc na biala bron w samej wsi na liniach obrony tego pulku elearskiego.

Co moze swiadczyc - tezy robocze -:
 -  o raczej slabym morale najezdzajacego ziemie koronne tatarskiego wojska?

lub/i
 - o niecheci do ponoszenia strat przez oblegajacych/blokujacych a ostrzeliwujacych z lukow pozycje polskie ordyncow, w tym Lipkow?

 -   o wyszkoleniu Polakow w poslugiwaniu sie  jakims rodzajem 'ciaglego' ognia - salwami z pistoletow i  bandoletow? 

  -  o wysokim morale naszego wojska okopowego
(plus pare innych hipotez)

Koronna kawaleria rozpaczliwie a meznie broniaca sie w Hodowie prawdopodobnie stracila wszystkie swoje wierzchowce i konie juczne(zabite, padle od strzal i poranione) od ostrzalu tatarskiego (zrodla mowia o ogromnej ilosci strzal tatarskich na terenie pozycji polskich we wsi, tym samym zostali nasi zolnierze,  jako jednostka kawaleryjska, wylaczeni z mozliwosci dzialan operacyjnych przynaleznych kawalerii, i stali sie piechota zdolna do obrony czy kontratakow na niewielka odleglosc od linii obrony.

Starcie w Hodowie bylo li tylko jednym z pomyslanych, mniej lub bardziej, starc, ktore stoczyly tego dnia przygotowane i przegrupowane elementy wojsk koronnych  z tym  duzym najazdem tatarskim, i ktore to starcia zmusily dowodztwo tatarskie do wycofania sie z 'rejzy' na ziemie koronne bez wziecia jasyru czy lupow, odejscia za rzeke Dniestr i ku swoim lezom czy koczowiskom na ziemiach Padyszacha i jego wasali.

Jednakze, chyba nie mozna uznawac Hodowa za starcie w kategorii zwyciestwa wojsk polskich, a raczej jako bitwy nieroztrzygnietej, zwlaszcza, ze tego roku mieli Polacy wielki suskces, ktory mozna podac  jako przyklad pelnego  zwyciestwa w polu wojsk koronnych nad Osmanami i ich lennikami tatarskimi - bezprzecznie bylo  rozbicie zahary i wygrana bitwa walna/w polu[potkaniowa] pod Uscieszkiem jesienia tego 1694 roku..

                                        ***
Na koniec dlugiego postu link do nagrania autorstwa niezaleznego badacza wojskowosci staropolskiej epoki XVII wieku Marka Rogowicza o Tatarach i rozwazania na temat ilosci ordyncow pod Hodowem.

Wideo wzbuczilo duze emocje w mediach spolecznosciowych typu META-FB, glownie z powodu wtretow autora na temat malkontentow hodowskich wsrod badaczy i naukowcow.

 
..
Ilustracje -    Kajetana Kielisinskiego (1808-1849) i Alksandra Lessera (1814-1884 )

Valete

Dyakowski' Dyariusz - 3 amigos of Kara Mustafa court

 Salvete Omnes,

and this year we have a rather rounder anniversary of the battle of Vienna 1683. 
Perhaps we should remember the horses - the countless thousands of cavalry mounts and perhaps at least 12 thousands of draft horses pulling 6,000 wagons of the Polish army wagon train. These horses suffered a lot, once they entered the Tatar-ravaged lands of Hapsburg realm, living on twigs and tree leaves, which caused many of them to die before, during and after the battle, until they left the Vienna area in late September 1683.

ad rem, tres amigos of Kara Mustapha  court tale.

Podstoli (deputy pantier) of Latyczow of Podole Mikolaj Dyakowski, a scion of old Polish-Hungarian Podolian family and grandson of Pancerny banner rotameister Siemion and princes Woroniecka, was a pokojowiec (valet) courtier of Jan III Sobieski and of his own coat of arms, . He quite being a courtier to the king in 1684 and became a Vallachian (light)  cavalry banner companion and circa 1688 became a commanding officer or porucznik of one Wallachian banner. H took part in the Moldavian campaigns and during one such expedition in 1691 he took his banner, along the Turkull brothers' two banners, marched away from the royal army. This act of disobedience in fact was the end of this military career under Jan III.

                                                                                                  ***
Under the new Saxon king, Augustus the Strong, he became a podstoli of Latyczow and  circa 1717 wrote his memoirs (a Dyariusz) about his military experiences during Jan III Sobieski. written with a decent dose of self-control and without aggrandizing his own exploits but much dislike and a scorn towards king Jan III. Pan Mikolaj is supposed to have died circa 1726 or shortly after, but in fact the information about his life  post-1712 is  non-existent, but for the note in his Dyariusz.

                                                                                                  ***
Dyariusz was  published at least 10 times between 1823-1883, and the Juliusz Kossak illustrations come from the 1883 edition. Dyakowski's writings inspired Wincenty Pol and Jozef Ignacy Kraszewski. The details about the campaign have been cited in many historical works by Polish historians over the years.  The XX century edition was edited and published by Jozef Dlugosz and Jozef Adam Kosinski  in 1983 - 300 years of the battle -  and is available on Archive.

a detail of Turkish camp from a painting by Frans Geffels

So in his Dyariusz pan Mikolaj wrote that on the morning the battle about 9A.M.  the filed guard  brought three young men  to the King. 

So standing before victorious Jan III these three young men declared themselves valets of the Ottoman commander and Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha. They claimed they had been taken captive in Podole (Podolia) and Wolyn (Volhynia) Lands when very young. One was Pochojski, a Polish nobleman from Wolyn, where he had some land and brothers who would not disclaim his tale. The other two were named Skalka and Podolski, and could not account of any past nor noble connections being very small when kidnapped, so the court thought them to be some townsmen children when taken by the Tatars. 

They all arrived at the king's tent on horseback, each with a  retinue of  several Turkish and Greek servants. also mounted. They had fine Turkish  horses and each of them had huge amounts on money in their coffers - Pochojski 45,000 gold ducats, Skalka 42,000 gold ducats, hile Podolski 39,000 ducats. They claimed that when the battle was lots their lord, Grand Vizier yelled to his servants to grab everything and anything what they could. So they did, and being Christians they decided to return themselves to the Christian side.

They were dressed very richly and splendidly, the three 'amigos' wore beautifully made Ottoman coats of mail armor, with rich golden adornments with rubies precious stones mounted on them - here Dyakowski said that one of this chain-mail armors would end  in the treasury of castellan of Krakow [Adam] Sieniwski (according to the 1983 Dyairusz edition notes) . 

So on the spot the King decided to send them all, along with their millions in gold and jewelry, to Krakow so they could await his return in the safety of king's protection at the old capital.

So when our king Jan III returned to Krakow on Christmas Eve 1683, he asked his courtiers about the whereabouts of those three Grand Vizier valets. He was told that they were partying constantly, had themselves mistresses and were spending their money fast and furious. 

The king called them hultaje - or good-for-nothings and commented that nothing good would come out of that. And - wrote Dyakowski - our king  left them neglected, and they lost everything and eventually became quite  beggars and ended their lives in a misery and want.

So ends the tale of three amigos of Grand Vizier court. 

enjoy
Valete

Orsza 1514 - a 1515AD woodcut

 Salvete omnes,

so yet another anniversary of 9-11 -  in the link my old post about my experiences that day - pacem aeternam to all the victims 

a quick return to the Orsza battle and victory over the Muscovy ..

 so probably the very first image of the battle appeared in 1515AD in printed  poem written by Andrzej Krzycki, Kotwicz coat of arms, who was queen Barbara Zapolya secretary, Ad Divum Sigismundum Poloniae regem et Magnum Ducem Lithuaniae semper invictum post partam de Moskis victoriam Andree Krziczki inclite coniugis sue Cancelarii carmen, Kraków 1515, 

the printer was Jan Haller and they published  this poem in Krakow, then the capital of the Polish state.

perhaps Polish commander hetman Janusz Swierczowski, Traby coat of arms, on the left while horsemen of opposing armies are dueling between the armies 

there is a horse drummer next to the Polish hetman

emjoy

valete

Orsza 1514-2023 arms and armor of non-hussars

 Salvete Omnes

I have written a little bit about the Orsza 1514 battle - today's is yet another anniversary - and various aspects of Polish military of the early XVI century, mostly from the  early winged hussars position in that battle and the greater conflict.. Today we are going to move away from the famous Orsza battle painting towards various sources from the period, predating the famous Warsaw National Museum piece.

So during this period the principal side arm of the Polish knights, men-at-arms, horsemen and of some infantrymen  still was a straight sword - 

Salet helmet, plate armor, 'messer sword' and long sword

many infantrymen were using a German messer - of the longer or shorter blade, with sabre-like hilt - like the one from Vienna

Speaking about the infantry they were using crossbows 

and early arquebus firearms. 

Rotameisters and aristocrats, men-at-arms and knights would have worn plate armor of the older, Gothic or Italian style, or the newer Maximilian's style - like this St. George in Durer's print

Non-hussar Polish cavalry could have looked more like the Durer's knight from his famous engraving

Cornelis Van Dalem's painted version

There is a tempera panel painting from a Krakow workshop  circa 1500, now held at the National Museum at Poznan, that shows various knights and men-at-arms in plate of this turn of the century period.

 

enjoy - to be continued 

by the way you can revisit my post about the Behem Codex - to see some period iconography from the Royal Court.

Valete

Gaston, Louis XIII and the Mousquetaires du roi

 Salvete Omnes,

a little different time period but still history -

 namely  the world famous king's guard from Kingdom of  France when ruled by Louis XIII  and ... cardinal Richelieu. 
And who has not heard of the cavalier d'Artagnan.. and his companions of the king's musketeer guards?  

Monsieur d'Artagnan by Nicolac Cochin, 1661

                                                                                                           ***

Mousquetaires du roi (King's Musketeers)  or later  Mousquetaires de la maison militaire du roi de France - the very favorite subject of the  novels by Alexandre Dumas and many movies made based on the novels. So Wiki Commons and MET have some interesting prints showing the Guards during the life of their create, Louis XIII.

mounted Guard drummers - Stefano della Bella

Musketeer of the Guard on horseback wearing a casaque and long riding boots - by Stefano della Bella

  French print showing king of France Louis XIII with his rebellious brother Gason, duc de Orleans, and in the background, among the troops on display  there are  Royal  Mousquetaires.. I think. The print, by Abraham Bosse done in 1630, comes from the MET. 

duke Gaston or Monsieur was a rebellious king's brother

Gaston's full length portrait, in armor & lace and holding a marshal baton, painted by van Dyck 

this was the tiem of duels and here we have one French nobleman and 'espadachin' print by Abraham Bosse 

and more Guards' prints by the same artists

Valete