Salvete Omnes,
Today, on this typical November day, all Poles around the world celebrate the Polish Independence Day - Vivat , more than a thousand years (966AD) and going through the history into the future.
Also, all veterans of the US Armed forces celebrate Veteran's Day. Happy Veteran's Day
Valete
Salvete Omnes,
Our great library Archive is back on line and working, after the attack, and I would like to bring to your attention to one of their books, or rather a chapter in this book.
The Encyclopedia of Sport (mostly hunting) - published in London, UK in 1897AD, in the volume I contains a chapter on the Arabian horse -
Valete
Salvete Omnes,
..
on this day in November 1620 AD at White Mountain ( Bitva na Bílé hoře) Bohemian Protestant royal army aided by the Hungarian forces, commanded by Jindrich Matyas Thurn and Christian I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, was defeated by the combined Catholic armies of Imperial forces, commanded marshal de Tilly and the Catholic League under Count of Bucquoy.
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| Perhaps our Polish Lisowczyks |
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| imperial and League forces, the Polish contingent is on the bottom right |
it was a very short battle considering the size of the armies and the seriousness of the struggle - the actual battle lasted more or less 1 hour, and more or less 2,000-4000 men were killed on the Protestant side and perhaps the same number on the Catholic side - the losing side also sustained 2000-5000 men prisoner out of 28,000. But actual losses are uncertain. It is certain that the Protestant army was defeated and routed and in pursuit, in which the Poles, Croats and Imperial Hungarian excelled.
The battle was followed by steady collapse of the Protestant struggle and armed opposition within Czechia proper, while the contingent of the Protestant army were withdrawing, bleeding men and equipment, to the north into Silesia (part of the Bohemian Crown) and German states to the north-west or even further to the Dutch Republic. The war was far from over and would last for 28 years more, but the very heart of it, the Bohemian Crown, was finished.
The most serious social and political outcome of this battle would result in the total destruction of the Protestant Czechia, especially the Protestant aristocracy and upper levels of the other parts of society, during the subsequent months and years of the XXX Years War and further anti-Czech policies of the Imperial politicians. Czech language and culture would begin its revival in the late XVIII century in a complete different set of circumstances.
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| Snayers' vision of the battle |
Perhaps worth noting is the taking of the capital - Prague.
On Nov 9, 1621 the imperial & League forces entered undefended Prague, while on the 10th the soldiers of the Royal Castle surrendered to Count Bucquoy . What followed was the great pillage and mayhem of the Bohemian Crown capital.
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| Maximillian of Bavarian ina cuirassier armor |
For example Maximilian of Bavaria, commanding his Bavarian contingent, had 1500 wagons of loot carried for his pleasure and onwerhsip, but when the unruly Imeperial soldateska continued looting and pillaging within the city and its environs Maximillian asked commander-in-chief Bucquoy to stop the lawless pillage by the soldiers. But the war being war and the scoundrels and mercenaries alwyas hungry the pillage lasted for some time, our Lisowski kozaks not being the worst among the victorious soldateska.
Valete
Salvete Omnes,
long time ago I made a post about the relief from the British Musuem showing nomads, most likely the Kimmerians , being pursued by the Assyrians under king Ashurnasirpal II (883-859BC) , shooting backwards from the horseback - Parthian shot - and finally making signs of submission towards the pursuing Assyrian chariot.
Today I would like share this image from the said museum - it is a drawing of the said relief (from Kalhu palace) created in situ by Austen Henry Layard in 1840s .
note that the reign of this Neo-Assyrian king was the period when soldiers mounted on horses became a part of the Assyrian army. But these horsemen rode in pairs, where one rider held the reins of the archer's horse who fired the arrows while mounted. A bit more than awkward one could observe .
In contrast our nomads in the relief above do not need that assistance, being completely independent one from another.
Meantime, you can download the drawing from the museum's site or this one above.
Valete
Salvete Omnes,
I would like to share with you two interesting examples on fair use of art and also on the need for caution when looking at the period art.
Stefano della Bella - Italian artist working until the 1660s - active in Rome (papal court), Florence and Paris (French court), creating his own art in the form of drawings, then engraving & etching and printing his creations.
MET has this image - Polish horseman, part of the 'Figures on Horseback' (Cavaliers nègres, polonais et hongrois) collection.
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| Rotameister or rotmistrz Pieczowski in 1645AD |
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| instead of the mace our king carries a nadziak (horseman's pick) |
